synonymNational Historical and Cultural City(National historical and cultural city) generally refers to national historical and cultural city
A national historical and cultural city, China's five thousand year history has bred some cities that are famous in history because of their profound cultural heritage and major historical events.Some of these cities were once the capitals of dynasties;Some were important political and economic towns at that time;Some were places where major historical events took place;Some are famous for their precious cultural relics;Some are famous for their exquisite handicrafts.Their existence opens a window for people to review Chinese history.
In February 1982, in order to protect the important cities and their cultural relics that were once the political, economic and cultural centers of ancient times or the places where modern revolutionary movements and major historical events took place, the concept of "historic and cultural cities" was formally proposed.According to《Law of the People's Republic on the Protection of Cultural Relics》The "historical and cultural city" refers to a city with rich cultural relics and great historical and cultural value and revolutionary significance.From the perspective of administrative division, historical and cultural cities are not necessarily "cities", but may also be "counties" or "districts".
As of October 25, 2023, there are 142 national historic and cultural cities in China.[15][18][21][24-25]
The National Historical and Cultural City was founded in 1982Peking UniversityHou RenzhiMinistry of ConstructionZheng XiaoxieAnd the Palace MuseumSingle shiyuanA cultural relic protection mechanism proposed by the three gentlemen.fromState Council of the PRCThe national famous historical and cultural cities identified and announced are cities with rich cultural relics, significant historical value or commemorative significance, and are in continuous use.The Party and the state have always attached great importance to the protection of historic and cultural cities, towns and villages《Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics》、《Urban and Rural Planning Law》It has established a protection system for historic and cultural cities, towns and villages, and clearly stipulated that the State Council should formulate protection measures.
On October 1, 2005, the Code for Conservation Planning of Historic and Cultural Cities was officially implemented, which defined the protection principles, measures, contents and priorities.
On July 1, 2008《Regulations on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages》It has been officially implemented and standardized the declaration and approval of historic and cultural cities, towns and villages.If the layout, environment and historical features of a national famous historical and cultural city are seriously damaged, the State Council shall revoke its title as a famous historical and cultural city.
In November 2021, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage issued the Notice on Strengthening the Special Assessment of the Protection of National Historic and Cultural Cities.It is required to comprehensively and accurately assess the protection of famous cities and the protection of protected objects, and timely discover and solve the prominent problems such as the repeated destruction and demolition of historical and cultural heritage.[14]
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In 1982, 1986 and 1994, the State Council announced three batches of national historic and cultural cities, totaling 99.Since then, two, one, one, seven, seven, one, one, six, two, two, four, two, two, three, three, three, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, one, one, one, and one, respectively, were added in 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2011, 2012, 2012, 2014, 2014, 2015, 2020,Three will be added in 2021,[10-12]One will be added in 2022. As of January 11, 2022, there will be a total of 140 national historic and cultural cities.[15]One will be added on March 5, 2023.[21]
As of October 25, 2023, there are 142 national historic and cultural cities in China.[25]
remarks:In October 2002, Qiongshan City was merged into Haikou City to establish Qiongshan District.In November 2006, according to the feedback from the Second Bureau of the Secretary of the State Council, the name of Qiongshan Historic and Cultural City should be changed to Haikou Historic and Cultural City, which would have a chain reaction among the 103 national historic and cultural cities that had been approved and announced at that time. It was suggested that Haikou should resubmit the application documents and directly declare Haikou as a national historic and cultural city.On March 13, 2007, Haikou was officially approved by the State Council as a national historic and cultural city.When the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage made statistical reports and Haikou Municipal Government prepared the urban master plan and the protection plan for historic and cultural cities, both Qiongshan and Haikou were regarded as one place.
First, there are rich cultural relics to be preserved;
Second, historical buildings are concentrated in a large area;
Third, it retains the traditional pattern and historical features;
Fourth, it has been used as a political, economic, cultural, transportation center or military center in history, or has had important historical events, or its traditional industries and major projects built in history have had an important impact on the development of the region, or can focus on reflecting the cultural and national characteristics of the local architecture;
Fifth, there should be more than two historical and cultural blocks within the scope of protection of the declared historic and cultural city.[17]
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National historical and cultural cities can be divided into seven categories according to their characteristics.
Historical capital type: a city characterized by historical relics of the capital era and the style and features of the ancient capital.
Traditional style: a city that retains one or several complete buildings accumulated in historical periods.
General historical sites: the cultural relics and historic sites scattered throughout the city are the main embodiment of historical traditions.
Scenic spot type: the superposition of architecture and landscape environment shows a city with distinctive personality characteristics.
Regional characteristic type: a city whose regional characteristics or individual characteristics, ethnic customs, and local culture constitute the main body of the urban style.
Modern historical site type: a city whose buildings or building groups reflect an event or a stage in history as its distinctive features.
Special function type: a city whose function occupies a prominent position in history.
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First batch
First batch24 seatsNational Famous Historical and Cultural City, announced on February 8, 1982:
On August 7, 20222022 Beijing Historical and Cultural City Conservation Dialogue will be held outside the North Di'an Gate of the central axis[19]。
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Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural DevelopmentAndState Administration of Cultural HeritageHe has jointly issued a notice onShandong Province8 cities and counties, including Liaocheng City, Handan City, Hebei Province, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, Shou County, Anhui Province, Jun County, Henan Province, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Dali City, Yunnan Province, have not been well protected, resulting in historic and cultural citiesHistorical and cultural heritageA notice of criticism was circulated on the situation that was seriously damaged and the historical and cultural values of the famous city were seriously affected.
According to the statistics of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, nearly 20 of the more than 100 national historical and cultural cities in China have no historical and cultural blocks, 18 have only one historical block, and nearly half of the historical and cultural blocks are unqualified.
