plutonium tetrafluoride [1](Chemical formula: PuFfour）, is a kind ofinorganic compound, light browncrystal。With strongradioactivity。relative density7.0。melting point1037℃。Slightly soluble in water, above 300 ℃steamIntermediate hydrolysisPlutonium dioxide, insoluble inacid, dissolved inboric acid、Al3+Or Fe3+IonicAcid solutionMedium.Available onHydrogen fluorideAndoxygenIn the mixed gas flowplutoniumOfoxideoroxalateIt is prepared when heated to 550 ℃.Although plutonium tetrafluoride has trace radioactivity, it is widely used in radiation protection materials, carbon arc lamps, manufacturing metal plutonium and other fields.
plutonium tetrafluoride [1](Chemical formula: PuFfour）It is an inorganic compound.It is light brown and can be made by direct combination of metal plutonium and fluorine.When the temperature is higher than 500 ° C, it reacts with the moisture in the air and hydrolyzes to PuOFtwo。The melting point is 1037 ℃, and the boiling point is about 1277 ℃;Slightly soluble in water, only soluble inboric acid, aluminum (III) or iron (III).Plutonium tetrafluoride can be composed of plutonium (IV) oxide, nitrateoxalateAnd other compoundsoxygenAndAnhydrous hydrogen fluorideIt is prepared by high-temperature reaction.Plutonium tetrafluoride is also the raw material for the reduction of metal plutonium.
Preparation method
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Plutonium tetrafluoride is chemically stable, insoluble in water, dilute acid, cold concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and easily soluble in hot ammonium carbonate solution.The industrial process is the gas-phase fluorination reaction of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and thorium dioxide at higher temperature[2]：
PuOtwo+ 4HF → PuFfour+ 2HtwoO
Plutonium tetrafluoride has a variety of hydrates.PuF contains the most waterfour·xHtwoO (x=2.5-3.0) will decompose into PuF when heatedfour·0.25HtwoO。If vacuum heating continues, anhydrous plutonium tetrafluoride will be produced.
Plutonium tetrafluoride can form [PuFsix]Complexes.
Plutonium tetrafluoride is light brown (PuFfour·2.5HtwoO is pink), melting point is 1037 ℃, boiling point is about 1277 ℃;Slightly soluble in water, only soluble in solutions containing boric acid, aluminum (III) or iron (III).Plutonium tetrafluoride can be mixed with plutonium (IV) oxides, nitrates, oxalates and other compounds in the presence of oxygenAnhydrous hydrogen fluorideIt is prepared by high-temperature reaction.Plutonium tetrafluoride is also a metal produced by reductionplutoniumRaw materials.
Related halides
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Plutonium trifluoride
Plutonium trifluorideBlue purple solid[1]Melting point 1425 ± 3 ℃;In the absence of aluminum or zirconium ions, it is difficult to dissolve in acid.Plutonium trifluoride can be prepared by reacting the nitrate, oxide, hydroxide and other compounds of plutonium (IV) with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at 550~600 ℃, or by adding fluoride ions to precipitate in the aqueous solution containing plutonium (III).Plutonium trifluoride is the raw material for the reduction of metal plutonium.
plutonium hexafluoride
plutonium hexafluorideIt is a white solid at - 180 ℃, and the liquid and gas are brown to reddish brown, with a melting point of 51.59 ℃ and a boiling point of 62.16 ℃;Plutonium hexafluoride is thermodynamically unstable and is a strong oxidant;Can andUranium tetrafluoride、sulfur dioxide、carbon monoxide、carbon dioxideAnd other reactions to produce plutonium tetrafluoride, which reacts violently with humid air or water;Plutonium hexafluoride continuously generates plutonium tetrafluoride due to alpha radiolysis.Plutonium hexafluoride can bePlutonium dioxideOr plutonium tetrafluoride is prepared by reacting with fluorine at 500~700 ℃.Other fluorides of plutonium (VI) include PuOtwoFtwo、MtwoPuOtwoFfour·HtwoO and MPuOtwoFthree·HtwoO (M is NHfour, Na, K, etc.).
Plutonium trichloride
Plutonium trichlorideIt is a blue to green solid, with a melting point of 750 ℃ and a boiling point of 1767 ℃;It is easy to absorb moisture and soluble in acid and water.Plutonium trichloride can be prepared by many methods, usually by reacting plutonium dioxide with phosgene at high temperature.In the preparation, most other elements generate volatile chlorides, while plutonium trichloride is nonvolatile, so the purity of plutonium is high.Plutonium trichloride is also a compound for preparing plutonium metal.
Plutonium tetrachloride
Plutonium tetrachloride is an unstable compound, which is easy to decompose and difficult to produce.Other chlorides of plutonium (IV) are MtwoPuClsix(M is Cs, Rb, K, Na, etc.).
Other compounds that have been prepared include: plutonium tribromide, with a melting point of about 681 ℃;Plutonium triiodideThe melting point is about 777 ℃.
