synonymHulun Buir(Prefecture level cities under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) generally refers to Hulunbeier City (prefecture level cities under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)
Hulunbeier City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionJurisdictionPrefecture level city, located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionHulun LakeandLake BellNamed after the south andXing'an LeagueConnected, east toNenjiang RiverIs bounded byHeilongjiang ProvinceAdjacent to the north and northwestErguna RiverIs bounded byRussiaIt borders on the west and southwestMongoliaBorder, belonging to central AsiaMongolian PlateauThe climate distribution characteristics areGreater Khingan RangeIt is the boundary line with a total area of 253000 square kilometers.[2]As of March 2024, Hulunbeier has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 4 banners, 3 autonomous banners, and 5 county-level cities.[1][8]By the end of 2023, Hulunbeier City has a permanent population of 2.1663 million.[59]
On April 30, 1954, the Eastern District Administrative Office was revoked, and the areas under the jurisdiction of the former Xing'an League and the Huna League were merged, renamed "Hulun Buir League".Hulunbeier has Binzhou Railway and 301 National Highway running through the city. It has two international airports, Hailar and Manzhouli, and has opened more than 50 international and domestic routes to Russia, Mongolia, Beijing, Hohhot, Harbin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc;Adjacent to Russia and Mongolia, it is the only city in China that borders China, Russia and Mongolia, and has eight national ports, including Manchuria and Montenegro.With a long cultural history, it is an important birthplace of hunting and nomadic peoples in northern China.[42]Hulunbeier is an excellent tourist city in China, the only key development area of grassland tourism in China, and a national tourism reform and innovation pilot areaHulun Buir prairieIt is one of the four grasslands in the world and one of the 20 tourist attractions in China[5], was selectedNational Forest City[3], selected as one of the top ten ice and snow tourism cities in China[4], was selected as the national logistics hub bearing city, and was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.[31]
In 2023, Hulunbeier will achieve a regional GDP of 159.557 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%。[57]
In ancient times, ancient humans——Zhalainuoer peopleIt thrives in the Hulun Lake area, creating the original culture of Hulun Buir.
Second Emperor of the Qin dynastyHuhaiThe first year (209 BC),HunEthnic conquestDonghu nationality, unifying the northern grassland. Hulunbeier is under the jurisdiction of Zuoxian Wangting, one of its three territories.
In the first century, activities inOroqenFlag areaTuoba XianbeiThe ethnic group "moved south to Daze" (i.e. Hulun Lake), replacing the rule of the Huns and establishing the Xianbei Tribal Alliance.Thus he entered the Central Plains and established the Northern Wei Dynasty.This is the first minority regime in Chinese history.
stayXianbeiThe rest of the tribe of Shiwei andHuihe、Turkic、XiegasAnd the Liao DynastyKhitan, Jin Dynastyjurchen When they fought and ruled Hulunbeier one after another, Mongolian tribes quietly rose in Hulunbeier.
Hulunbeier Cultural Map
eighth century, living on the east bank of the Erguna RiverGenghis KhanThe former Zumeng Wushiwei tribe ofKrulun River, Kent Mountain, the birthplace of Tula River.In the 12th century, when Genghis Khan stepped onto the political stage to unify the Mongolian grassland, he returned to Hulunbeier, where he carried out several major decisive battles, eliminated political enemies, broke the balance of power among several major tribes for a long time, and finally unified the Mongolian plateau.Since then, the Mongolian nationality, a nationality with common language, region and culture, and many common characteristics in economic life, has formed on the northern grasslands.After the establishment of the Mongolian Empire“Household enfeoffment system”。
In 1214, the ninth year of Taizu, Mongolia,Genghis KhantakeHulun Buir GrasslandMost of the regions of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were granted to his eldest brother Zhuochi Hasar (the old city of Heishantou in Erguna is his former capital), the rest were granted to his second brother He Chiwen Erechi and his relatives Dexue Chan family, and the Lingdong region was granted to his younger brother Timuge Huchijin.After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was established.
elementIn the 25th year of the Zhiyuan era (1288), the royal fiefs were incorporated into the provinces, and the Lingxi area was incorporated intoLingbei ProvinceUnder the jurisdiction of Helin Road, Lingdong is under the jurisdiction of Taining Road, Zhongshu Province, and Liaodong Road, Shanbei, Liaoyang Xingsheng Province.After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the descendants of Genghis Khan retreated to the Mongolian grassland, and those who successively nomadized in Hulunbeier grassland wereEmperor Shun of the Yuan DynastyHis descendants and Genghis Khan's second younger brotherHumble ChihesarThe descendants of until they were attached to the Later Jin Dynasty.
Emperor Chengzu of the Ming DynastyFrom the first year of Yongle toXuandeIn the eight years (1403-1433), the Ming Dynasty successively set up Jianhewei (today's Erguna City and Genhe City), Hailar Qianhusuo (today's Hailar District, Ewenki Autonomous Banner), Ouhan Hewei (today's Woken River basin), Halahasuo (today's Halaha River area), Zhiermanwei (today's Hailar River basin), Arunwei (today's Arong Banner)Ruanli Hewei (today's Zalantun City), Halahaiwei (today's New Balhu Left Banner).Shangweisuo is equivalent to most of Hulunbeier today.Are subordinate toNuer Gandu Division。[79]
Night View of Hulunbeier City
Qing DynastyAfter establishment, it was controlled by the Heilongjiang General.fromEwenki、daur 、BalhuThe Butha Eight Banner Army, the Sorun Eight Banner Army and the Balhu Eight Banner Army, composed of Mongolians and Oroqen people, are brave and good at fighting, guarding the border, making contributions to preventing the invasion of Russia, ensuring the smoothness of the posts, and maintaining the peace of the border.
Republic of ChinaFrom the first year (1912) to the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the Lingxi region had implemented local autonomy and separated from Heilongjiang Province.After the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it returned to the control of the Heilongjiang general, and still set up the Deputy Capital Government Office. At the same time, it set up the Office of Aftercare Supervisor and Negotiator, and set up Hulun, Lubin, Shiwei, and Qiqian counties, forming a situation of coexistence and division of banners and counties.The Lingdong area also retains the Xibuteha General Administration Office, while Yalu County and Buxi County are set up, directly under Heilongjiang Province.
In August of the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), Japan surrendered.In October, the government of Hulunbeier Autonomous Province was established in Lingxi region, and Navenmuren Province was established in Lingdong region.In June of the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), Navenmuren Province was renamed Navenmuren League and was led by the Xing'an Provincial Government led by the Communist Party of China.In October, the government of Hulunbeier Autonomous Province was renamed as Hulunbeier Autonomous Government.In May of the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), the Navenmu Renmeng was under the leadership of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government.On January 1, the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the Hulunbeier Autonomous Government was renamed the Hulunbeier League and belonged to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government.
In April 1949,Hulunbeier LeagueandNavenmu RenmengThe merger is called Hulun Buir Navenmu Renmeng, or Hulun Buir Renmeng for short.The area of Huna League roughly coincides with that of Hulunbeier City, which was established in 2001.
On April 1, 1953, the Eastern Administrative Office of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as the Eastern Administrative Office) was established in Ulanhot.At the same time, the original Zhelimu, Xing'an and Huna were cancelledAllianceThe former Hula League cities of Hailar, Manzhouli and Ulanhot have become municipalities directly under the Central Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and their work is entrusted to the Eastern Administrative Office.
Night View of Hulunbeier City
On April 30, 1954, the Administrative Office of the Eastern Region was revoked, the areas under the jurisdiction of the former Xing'an League and the Huna League were merged, renamed the Hulunbeier League, and the Hulunbeier League People's Government was established. As the first level of political power, it is directly under the leadership of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The League government is located in Hailar City.
On February 21, 1957, the Hulunbeier League People's Government was renamed the Hulunbeier League People's Committee.Cancelled on June 1, 1958Hulunbeier LeagueThe People's Committee was changed into an agency of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and an administrative office was set up inHailar City, renamedAdministrative Office of Hulunbeier League。
On August 20, 1958, the Inner Mongolia Party Committee approved that Ulanhot City of Hulunbeier League was incorporated into Horqin Right Front Banner of Hulunbeier League, which is still known as Ulanhot City.On July 20, 1964, it was changed to Ulanhot (town level), under the Hulunbeier LeagueHorqin Right Front Banner。
In August 1965, Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner of Hulunbeier League was put under administrationZhelimu League(Withdraw from the league and change its establishmentTongliao City）。
On December 20, 1967, the Hulunbeier League Revolutionary Committee was established as a temporary authority to exercise the functions and powers of the original Hulunbeier League Administrative Office.
On July 5, 1969, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to assign the Hulunbeier League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to Heilongjiang ProvinceTuquan CountyHorqin Right Front Banner is under the jurisdiction of Baicheng District, Jilin Province.Hulunbeier League in Heilongjiang Province governs 2 cities and 12 banners.
In April 1970, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeier League in Heilongjiang Province were put under the jurisdiction of the Greater Khingan Mountains.
On May 30, 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to restore the original administrative division of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 1969, and officially changed the Hulunbeier League in Heilongjiang Province, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner and the Molidawaddaur Autonomous Banner in the Great Khingan Mountains, Tuquan County in Baicheng District, Jilin Province, and the Horqin Right Front Banner into the Hulunbeier League of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from July 1.
In July 1980, the system of Xing'an League was restored: Horqin Right Front Banner was separated from Ulanhot City, and Horqin Right Front Banner, Zhalaite Banner, Tuquan County, Ulanhot City, Hulunbeier League, and Horqin Right Middle Banner of Zhelim League were under the jurisdiction of Xing'an League.In the same year, the Revolutionary Committee of Hulunbeier League was revoked, and the administrative office of Hulunbeier League was established until 2001, when the League was revoked and the city was established.
On October 10, 2001, Hulunbeier League was cancelled to establish prefecture level Hulunbeier City, and Hailar District was cancelled to establish Hailar District in Hailar County.[6]
On March 6, 2013, Hulunbeier City was located in the Zhalainuoer mining area of Manzhouli CityZhalainuoer DistrictFiling, managed by Manzhouli City.[7][43]
In March 2023, the 11th Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided that the Zhalainuoer District would be directly managed by Hulunbeier City[58]。
administrative division
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As of March 2024, Hulunbeier City has jurisdiction over two municipal districts, four banners, three autonomous banners, and five county-level cities, namely Hailar District, Zalainuoer District, Manzhouli City, Zhalantun City, Yakeshi City, Genhe City, Erguna City, Arong Banner, New Balhu Left Banner, New Balhu Right Banner, Chen Balhu Banner, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Oroqen Autonomous BannerEwenki Autonomous Banner;There are 68 towns, 19 townships (including 13 ethnic townships), 19 Sumu (including one ethnic Sumu) and 36 streets in total.Hulunbeier Municipal People's Government is located in Youhao 6th Street, Hailar District.[1][8]
Bayan Tuohai Town, Dayan Town, Yiminhe Town, Honghuaerji Town, Bayan Cuogang Sumu, West Sumu of the Sinai River, East Sumu of the Sinai River, Bayan Tala Daur Township, Yimin Sumu, Huisumu
Hulunbeier City is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 47 ° 05 '- 53 ° 20' north latitude, 115 ° 13 '- 126 ° 04' east longitude.630 kilometers from east to west, 700 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of 253000 square kilometers, equivalent toShandong ProvinceAndJiangsu ProvinceThe sum of the two provinces.East of the cityHeilongjiang Province, West, North andMongolia、RussiaIt borders Russia and Mongolia, with 1733.32 kilometers of border, including 1051.08 kilometers of China Russia border and 682.24 kilometers of China Mongolia border.[2]
Hulunbeier Municipal People's Government
topographic features
Hulunbeier City is in the middle of AsiaMongolian PlateauComponents of.Greater Khingan RangeThe northeast southwest trend runs through the central part of Hulunbeier City, forming three major topographic units and economic type areas: the Great Khingan Mountains are forest areas, with an altitude of 700-1700 meters;Lingxi isHulun Buir prairie, is the grassland animal husbandry economic zone, 550-1000 meters above sea level;The transition zone between grassland and forest land is mostly chernozem, which is suitable for the development of planting industry, and forms an economic belt combining agriculture and animal husbandry with agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises as the main component;Lingdong is a low mountain, hilly and valley plain, forming an agricultural economic zone dominated by planting, with an altitude of 200-500 meters.[2]
climate
The distribution of climate in Hulunbeier City is divided by the Great Khingan Mountains.Climate types are divided into: Lingdong DistrictMonsoon climate zoneLingxi District is a continental climate zone.From the type of annual precipitation, Lingdong District has a semi humid climate, with an annual precipitation of 500-800 mm;Lingxi District has a semi-arid climate with an annual precipitation of 300-500mm.The general characteristics of the city's climate are: cold and dry winter, hot and rainy summer.Large annual temperature difference and date temperature difference.[2]
natural resources
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water resource
Of the total water resources of 31.619 billion cubic meters in Hulunbeier City, the surface water resources are 29.819 billion cubic meters, accounting for more than 1% of the national surface water resources and more than 73% of the regional surface water resources;The total amount of groundwater resources is 1.8 billion cubic meters.The per capita water resources of the city is more than 11000 cubic meters, which is higher than the per capita water resources of the world and nearly five times the per capita water resources of the country.[2]
plant resources
Hulunbeier is rich in wild plant resources. There are more than 1400 kinds of wild plants, and more than 500 kinds of wild plants with economic value.There are mainly wild medicinal plants, wild economic plants, wild oil plants, wild fiber plants, wild starch plants, wild edible plants, wild fruit plants, etc.[2]
Animal resources
There are many kinds and quantities of wild animals in Hulunbeier.According to incomplete statistics, the species of wild animals in the city account for 12.3% of the total species in China, accounting for more than 70% of the autonomous region, ranking first.Among these animals, there are more than 30 kinds of wild animals under the protection of the state and the autonomous regions, some of which are rare animals and birds.Among them, deer are the most famous.Among 313 bird species in the city, more than 60 are under national protection, such as:Red-crowned crane、Hooded Crane、White crane、grey crane、swan、CygnetEtc.[2]
mineral resources
Hulunbeier is rich in mineral resources and is an important city of mineral resources in the autonomous region.It is rich in energy minerals, mainly coal, oil and natural gas, and is an important national energy development base.Metal mineral resources mainly include iron, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum and silver. There are many large and medium-sized mineral resources, which are qualified for large-scale development and utilization.The non-metallic minerals are complete in variety, widely distributed, with great resource potential and obvious advantages.Among them, the coal reserve is 125.964 billion tons, and the prospective reserve is more than 200 billion tons.In 2020, the city's raw coal output will be 71.617 million tons.The proven reserves of precious metals and other metals are: 2804 tons of gold ore, 13600 tons of silver ore, 2.6808 million tons of copper ore, 3.3419 million tons of lead ore, 5.6789 million tons of zinc ore, and 89.8 million tons of iron ore.[2]
population
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population size
According to the data of the seventh census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Hulunbeier City is 2242875.[36]
By the end of 2023, Hulunbeier City has a permanent population of 2.1663 million, with a urbanization rate of 75.76%.24400 fewer than 2022, including 1641100 urban population and 525200 rural population;The urbanization rate of permanent population is 75.76%, 0.94 percentage points higher than that in 2022;227500 people aged 0-14, 1590900 people aged 15-64, 347900 people aged 65 and above.[59-60]
Change of permanent population in Hulunbeier City (2018-2023)
In 2023, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Hulunbeier City will be 159.557 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% at constant prices.By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 39.589 billion yuan, up 4.0%;The added value of the secondary industry was 54.355 billion yuan, up 5.2%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 65.614 billion yuan, up 7.8%.The proportion of the three industrial structures is 24.8:34.1:41.1.The primary, secondary and tertiary industries contributed 16.5%, 24.0% and 59.5% respectively to the growth of regional GDP.The per capita GDP reached 73192 yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year.[60]
Change of regional GDP in Hulunbeier City (2018-2023)
Reference source[47][49-52][60]
In 2023, the total investment in fixed assets of Hulunbeier City will be 35.843 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5% over the previous year.Fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) was 34.939 billion yuan, up 22.5%.In the fixed asset investment (excluding farmers), according to the type of economy, the investment held by the state-owned economy was 21.368 billion yuan, an increase of 13.0%;Private investment was 12.911 billion yuan, up 33.4%.By sector, the manufacturing investment was 4.983 billion yuan, up 171.3%;Infrastructure investment was 14.57 billion yuan, up 9.0%;Investment in real estate development was 4.85 billion yuan, down 4.5%.[60]
In 2023, the general public budget revenue of Hulunbeier City will be 11.063 billion yuan, an increase of 12.0% over the previous year.Among them, tax revenue was 8.2 billion yuan, up 20.2%.General public budget expenditure was 57.632 billion yuan, up 22.0%.Various expenditures on people's livelihood involving social security, health care and other fields reached 41.620 billion yuan, an increase of 25.3%, accounting for 72.2% of the general public budget expenditure.[60]
primary industry
In 2023, the sown area of grain crops in the city will be 1.6412 million hectares, an increase of 0.1% over the previous year.The total grain output of the whole year was 6.6031 million tons, up 1.3%.Among grain crops, wheat output was 803200 tons, up 0.5%;The yield of corn was 3.5659 million tons, up 3.1%;Soybean output was 1.8403 million tons, down 0.9%;The potato output (converted into grain) was 242500 tons, up 7.4%.The average grain yield per mu was 268.21 kg, up 1.2%.At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural and animal husbandry machinery in the city was 6.5992 million kilowatts, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year;The completed area of mechanized farming is 16.32 million mu.[60]
the secondary industry
In 2023, the total industrial added value of Hulunbeier City will be 47.249 billion yuan, an increase of 4.8% over the previous year, of which the added value of industries above designated size will increase by 5.8%.In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned enterprises increased by 8.0%, joint-stock enterprises increased by 6.2%, and foreign-invested enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investors decreased by 12.4%.In terms of categories, the mining industry grew by 3.0%, the manufacturing industry grew by 7.2%, and the power, heat, gas and water production and supply industries grew by 12.3%.Among industries above designated size, the added value of food manufacturing industry increased by 24.5%, wood processing industry by 14.2%, power and heat production and supply industry by 12.5%, coal mining and washing industry by 4.3%, nonferrous metal mining and dressing industry by 0.2%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry by 2.0%, agricultural and sideline food processing industry by 22.3%, wine and beverage manufacturing industry by 23.7%,The non-metallic mineral products industry declined by 28.9%, and the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry declined by 42.8%.Industrial enterprises above designated size achieved operating revenue of 81.331 billion yuan, up 0.9% over the previous year;The profit was 14.185 billion yuan, down 16.5%;Operating income profit margin 17.4%;The cost of operating income per hundred yuan was 66.92 yuan, up 3.3%;The asset liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 63.1%, down 0.8 percentage points over the previous year;The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size was 100.0%, down 1.0 percentage points from the previous year.The added value of the city's construction industry was 7.11 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year.
In 2023, there will be 83 qualified construction enterprises in Hulunbeier, with an output value of 4.949 billion yuan, up 9.0%.The building construction area of construction enterprises is 767300 square meters, and the completed building area is 361100 square meters.[60]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
Domestic trade
In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Hulunbeier will be 33.303 billion yuan, an increase of 4.2% over the previous year.According to the statistics of business location, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 28.863 billion yuan, up 4.1%;The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 4.44 billion yuan, up 4.5%.According to the type of consumption, the retail sales of goods were 29.743 billion yuan, up 2.8%;Catering revenue was 3.56 billion yuan, up 17.7%.Among the retail sales of commodities above the designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 11.5% over the previous year, beverages by 14.1%, tobacco and alcohol by 4.0%, Chinese and western medicines by 14.4%, oil and products by 19.5%, and automobiles by 8.0%.According to customs statistics, the total import and export volume of the city was 29 billion yuan, up 48.2% over the previous year.Among them, the import volume reached 11.077 billion yuan, down 6.0%;Total exports reached 17.932 billion yuan, up 129.9%.At the end of the year, there were 80 foreign-invested enterprises registered with the market supervision department in the city.
post and telecommunications
In 2023, the postal delivery business volume of Hulunbeier City will reach 51.5545 million pieces, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year.Among them, the express delivery business volume has completed 21.6609 million pieces, up 37.7%;Postal delivery business volume totaled 29893600, down 7.3%.
In 2023, Hulunbeier Telecom's owner business income will be 2.059 billion yuan, an increase of 6.7% over the previous year.205800 fixed telephone subscribers, up 3.7%;3.0309 million mobile phone users, up 2.2%;2.8533 million mobile broadband users, up 2.3%;The number of Internet users was 994100, up 7.5%.
Finance and Insurance
By the end of 2023, the balance of various RMB deposits of financial institutions in Hulunbeier City had reached 256.357 billion yuan, up 10.3% over the previous year.The balance of household deposits was RMB 200298 million, up 13.8%;Deposits of non-financial enterprises reached 20.483 billion yuan, up 9.4%;Financial deposits reached 3.589 billion yuan, down 5.8%;Institutional group deposits amounted to 31.524 billion yuan, down 6.3%.The balance of various RMB loans of financial institutions in the city was 138.463 billion yuan, up 15.5%.Among them, 46.341 billion yuan of household loans, up 12.9%;Loans to non-financial enterprises and institutions reached 92.121 billion yuan, up 16.9%.There are 36 insurance companies in the city.Insurance premium income reached 8.372 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year;All kinds of compensation and payments were 3.925 billion yuan, up 45.8%.Of which, the premium income of property insurance was 2.960 billion yuan, up 10.8%, and the accumulated loss payment was 1.712 billion yuan, up 14.7%;The life insurance premium income was 5.41 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5%, and the accumulated compensation was 2.213 billion yuan, an increase of 84.4%.The premium income of agricultural insurance was 1.438 billion yuan.[60]
Travel?
In 2023, Hulunbeier City will receive 29.2225 million domestic and foreign tourists, including 12.8378 million domestic overnight tourists and 16.8348 million one-day tourists.The total revenue of tourism industry is 49.412 billion yuan, including 39.832 billion yuan from domestic overnight tourism and 9.579 billion yuan from one-day tour.[60]
social undertakings
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Science and technology
In 2023, Hulunbeier City will identify 31 scientific and technological achievements.116 technical contracts were signed, with a turnover of 268 million yuan, up 15.8% over the previous year.[60]
education
In 2023, there will be 4 ordinary colleges and universities in Hulunbeier, and 8549 ordinary undergraduate and junior college students will be enrolled in Hulunbeier, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year.There were 28743 ordinary undergraduates and junior college students, down 0.5%.The number of adult undergraduate and junior college students was 1755, up 1.0%.There were 24 ordinary high schools, with 11633 students enrolled, up 3.2%;The number of students in school was 34787, down 0.9%.127 junior high schools, with 16629 students enrolled, down 4.5%;The number of students in school was 52320, down 2.1%.124 primary schools enrolled 17408 students, up 10.9%;The number of students at school was 100850, up 0.3%.The enrollment rate after primary school graduation is 98.6%, and the gross enrollment rate in the three years before school is 99.4%.[60]
In 2023, Hulunbeier will have 14 art performance groups, 15 public libraries, 15 cultural centers and 28 museums.The city has 1 municipal radio and television broadcasting organization and 13 banner and county financial media centers.There are 124 FM TV relay transmitting stations.The comprehensive coverage rate of the city's radio population is 99.72%, and the comprehensive coverage rate of the city's television population is 99.71%.[60]
medical and health work
In 2023, Hulunbeier City will have 1896 health institutions, 26 fewer than the previous year, and medical and health units will have 16990 beds, an increase of 1936.[60]
Sports
In 2023, Hulunbeier City won 16 gold medals, 9 silver medals and 13 bronze medals in the national competition;He won 179 gold medals, 144 silver medals and 171 bronze medals in provincial competitions.[60]
social security
In 2023, every 100 urban residents in Hulunbeier will have 100 color televisions, 110 refrigerators, 101 washing machines, 50 domestic cars, 2 fixed telephones and 227 mobile phones;Every 100 households of farmers and herdsmen have 98 color TV sets, 109 refrigerators, 92 washing machines, 59 domestic cars, 1 fixed telephone and 226 mobile phones.910600 urban employees and 691700 urban and rural residents participated in endowment insurance in the city.2.0703 million people participated in basic medical insurance, 326000 people participated in unemployment insurance, 322800 people participated in industrial injury insurance, and 358600 people participated in maternity insurance.[60]
Transportation
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data
In 2023, the railway and road freight volume of Hulunbeier will be 194105900 tons, an increase of 12.5% over the previous year.Among them, the railway freight volume was 107.7919 million tons, up 10.3%;Road freight volume was 86.314 million tons, up 15.3%.The cargo and mail throughput of civil aviation was 23900 tons, up 97.9%.The freight turnover of railways and highways reached 58.288 billion ton kilometers.Among them, the railway freight turnover was 42.609 billion ton kilometers, up 10.5%;The turnover of highway cargo was 15.679 billion ton kilometers, up 10.2%.The passenger volume of railways and highways reached 6.944 million, an increase of 80.6% over the previous year.Among them, the railway passenger volume was 4.454 million, an increase of 123.1%;The highway passenger traffic volume was 2.49 million, up 34.8%.The passenger throughput of civil aviation was 3.4825 million person times, up 153.3%.The passenger turnover volume of railway and highway is 2.28 billion person kilometers.Among them, the railway passenger turnover volume was 1.936 billion person kilometers, an increase of 145.3%;Highway passenger turnover reached 344 million person kilometers, an increase of 68.9%.At the end of the year, the city's car ownership was 508900, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year.Among them, the number of private cars was 468200, up 7.8%.[60]
The railway trunk lines in Hulunbeier City are distributed in the shape of "mouth";already existingBinzhou Line(Harbin Manchuria)Dental floss(Yakeshi Man Gui)Bolin Line(Boketu Thar Gas)Chaowu Line(Chaozhong Mordaga)Yimin line(Hailar East Yimin)Iraq Afghanistan line(Yimin Yiershi)Azha line(Arong Banner Zhalantun)IGAD Line(Ituri River - Gagedaqi), Jiamo Line (Gagedaqi Mohe), Qijia Line (Qiqihar - Gagedaqi), a total of 10 railways;The planned new high-speed railway trunk line is includedSui Man Channel。
highway
Hulunbeier has formed a national highway G10（Suiyuan Manchuria Expressway）And G55eleven（Ji'a Expressway），111 National Highway(Beijing to Jiagedaqi)、301 National Highway(Suifenhe to Manzhouli)、National Highway 332Three national highways, 201 provincial highway(Shiwei to Amukorang)Provincial Highway 202(Hailar to Handagai)Provincial Highway 203(Manzhouli Ulanhot)301 Provincial Highway(Heihe Heiheitou)Provincial Highway 302(Nianzishan Boketu)A highway network with five provincial roads as the main skeleton and counties, border defense and special roads as the thread.
Hulunbeier Dongshan International Airport is the main airport in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which is a national first-class 4D airport[41]Grade A airport, located in Hailar District, is Hulunbeier Central Airport, which is often called "Hailar Dongshan (International) Airport" in the airline system[17]；It has been opened to Beijing, Hohhot, Hulunbeier Zhalantun, Hulunbeier Genhe, Hulunbeier Baogede, Harbin, Shenyang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Shanghai, Dalian, Zhengzhou, Xiamen, Wuhan, Hong Kong, Taipei, Sanya (winter), RussiaChitaMongoliaJoba MountainMongoliaUlan Bator, Seoul, South Korea, Kumamoto, Japan and other cities.
Manzhouli Western Suburb International Airport opened 26 routes, including 6 international routes, 3 domestic routes, 1 international route and 4 new navigable cities compared with 2014.
Zhalantun Genghis Khan Airport and Gaxian Airport in Jiagedaqi are not air ports, only urban routes in mainland China are opened;Genhe Aoluguya Airport and Moqi Nierji General Airport only open intra city and inter city routes in Hulunbeier;Baogede Airport in New Balhu Right Banner has a long-term plan to open domestic routes, but as of 2018, it is still a general airport for commuting, only opening routes in Hulunbeier.
Historical culture
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Local Customs
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diet
Most people in Hulunbeier still keep the habit of origin, and their staple food is porridge, noodles, steamed bread, rice, etc.However, milk tea and beef and mutton are commonly drunk in Lingxi, which is the same as that of Mongolian, Daur, Ewenki and Russian compatriots. The difference is that Han people eat more vegetables.Since the 1980s, rice has become the staple food in both east and west.Since the 1980s, the regional food culture has gradually opened up and merged with the Chinese food culture. Some local flavor snacks and restaurants have emerged in all urban areas.[18]
Folk art
In the urban, rural and forest areas of Hulunbeier City, where the Han nationality is concentrated, the mass recreational activities are more active during the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and the rural leisure season.The main forms are Yangge, Errenzhuan, Singing Performance andice sculpture, ice lanterns, lantern exhibitions, etc., and fireworks parties have also sprung up in the city.
Yangge Dance
The forms of Hulunbeier Yangko performance include dragon dance, waist drum, stilt walking, donkey running, rowing, flower basket carrying, big headed baby, lion playing, and the appearance of opera characters.Some Yangko are interspersed with live newspaper performances.The performers are heavily made up and exaggerated, and their costumes are colorful and eye-catching.Both men and women wear silk clothes and trousers with colored silk at the waist.Most of the gongs and drums teams are men, wearing colorful silk clothes and wearing white sheep belly handkerchiefs.Some Yangko songs include martial arts, costume performances and aerobics performances.Yangko has become an important part of the Spring Festival cultural activities of the people in cities, rural areas and forest areas.
Ice sculpture, colored lights
Since the 1980s, every New Year's Day, the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival, Hulunbeier's towns and forest areas have had art exhibitions that use the natural ice of rivers to carve shapes.Every winter, ice sculptures of various shapes come out one after another, including figures, animals, buildings, landscapes and other works.
Folk Dance of Chinese and Russian Descendants
In Erguna, Genhe andHailarAmong the Chinese and Russian descendants, the traditional Russian folk dance is maintained.There are single, double and group performances of "Hibriha", "Badahanna", "Gabachok", "Mixie Si", "Oginoqika", "Ciganeka" (transliteration), etc.The dance music includes "Hibriha", "Narinchenka", "Lesser", "Gabachok", "Mixie Si", etc. The dance steps are varied, and there are many stomps. The leg skills of single dance are very high.Each dance is equipped with fixed dance music, which is usually accompanied by accordion, and some group dances are accompanied by singing.
fireworks ceremony
The firework show was born after the 1990s, and mostly celebrated some major festivals, such as the Lantern Festival, the August Festival and so on.
Hulunbeier City has a unique festival "Yimu'e", which means "harvest" in Mongolian. As its name implies, Yimu'e Festival is also the harvest festival, which is held on May 22 every year.At this time, the sheep, cattle, horses and camels on the grassland had just received the spring lambs, and a vibrant harvest scene appeared.The herdsmen used knives to close the left ear of the female lamb and put it back to the crowd;The ram that has not been reserved is castrated into a capricorn;They also want to brand the ponies that are over 2 years old.
Mikoulu Festival
Mikuolu Festival is Hulunbeier GrasslandMorigler RiverHarvest festival of Ewenki herdsmen in the basin.The Mikoulu Festival is held in late May every year. Its content and form are roughly the same as the "Immuer Festival", except that a banquet is held after work to celebrate the harvest.
Sabin Festival
"Sabin" is an Ewenki language, meaning "happy and peaceful". It is a traditional festival of Ewenki people, characterized by totem, in the 16th centuryEwenkiThe belief in Shamanism gradually disappeared.On June 18, 1994, the first "Sabin" Festival after the founding of the People's Republic of China was held in Bayan Hushu Oboo Mountain, with the main content of Ewenki folk song and dance performances.Since then, June 18 has become the "Sabin" Festival of Ewenki.
Bonfire Festival
The Bonfire Festival, a traditional festival of the Oroqen people, is held on June 18 every year.Oroqen people have long worshipped the god of fire. They believe that fire has the function of expelling evil spirits and dirt. They have a series of strict taboos against fire, for example, they are not allowed to splash water, throw dirt and spit on the fire at will, and they are not allowed to poke sharp things like knives and sticks into the fire to avoid offending and hurting the god of fire.
Hulun Buir prairieLocated in the west of Hulunbeier, fromGreater Khingan RangeThe grassland from the west to the border of Mongolia is part of it, which is the largest grassland in China.You can enjoy wrestling, archery and other performances in Hulunbeier Prairie's Huhe Noer, Bayan Hushu and other scenic spots.In addition to grassland, there are also Erguna RiverHulun Lake、Genhe Wetland、Moridaga National Forest Park And other scenic spots;You can also experience the Russian customs in Shiwei Town, Manchuria and other places.At night, you can participate in the characteristic grassland bonfire party, play Mongolian music, sing Mongolian songs, and dance Mongolian dances.[19]
Hailar Memorial Park of Hulunbeier World Anti Fascist War
Hailar Memorial Park of the World Anti Fascist WarLocated in Beishan, Hailar District, Hulunbeier City (at the site of Hailar Fortress of the former Japanese invaders, 3 kilometers north of Hailar City)4A level scenic spotHulunbeier Patriotic Education Base.The memorial park, with a total area of 110 hectares, was built on the site of Hailar Fortress, the former Japanese invasion of China. It is a military themed red tourist attraction integrating patriotism, internationalism and revolutionary heroism.The Hailar Memorial Park of the World Anti Fascist War is divided into two parts: the ground and the underground. On the ground, there are Hailar Fortress Heritage Museum (divided into four exhibition halls and nine parts), theme square, ground war relics, simulated war scenes, tourist service facilities, etc;The remains of underground fortifications have restored the Japanese headquarters, soldiers' dormitories, health rooms, communication rooms, etc.[20]
Expert in sports trauma surgery, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Peking University, secretary of the Party Committee of Peking University Medical Department, and deputy director of the Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University[66]
Daur nationality, the Emperor of the Qing DynastyPu YiHis wife, the last empress of the Qing Dynasty and China, and later the empress of the puppet Manchukuo
