It refers to the combination of symbols, homonyms, etc., with certain auspicious meaningsdecorative patterns 。Auspicious patterns originated in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, developed in the Tang and Song dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was almost to the point that the picture must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious.
They only express four meanings: "rich, precious, longevity, happiness": expensive is the symbol of power and fame;Richness is the expression of wealth, including good harvest;Longevity can ensure peace, meaning to prolong life;Happiness is related to marriage, friendship, and many children and grandchildren.Auspicious pattern asChinese traditional cultureHas become an important part of cognitionNational spiritAnd national interest.The themes of silk auspicious patterns in the Ming and Qing dynasties are very wide, including flowers, trees, stonesHummingbirdInsects, fish, birds and animals are all painted.It seems ordinary, but there is no lack of true interest and affection.Generally, there are three methods of composition: one is to use patterns, the other is to use homophones, and the third is to use words to explain.
purpose
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In Chinese folk, there are many patterns with auspicious meanings.Every New Year orred-letter days People like to decorate their rooms and objects with these auspicious patterns to express their yearning for a happy life and celebrate the good times and festivals.
type
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Represented by patterns, that is to say, some animals and plantsnatural quality, characteristics, etc., which is the most common technique in auspicious patterns.For example, dragons, phoenixes, and pythons symbolize power.The dragon is an auspicious god in ancient China. It is regarded as the totem of the Chinese nation and has a supreme position.Dragon pattern in Chinaindustrial artIt is widely used. Through the processing and evolution of artists in past dynasties, the image has become more specific from fiction.Dragon, ox headSnake body, antler, shrimp eye, lion nose, donkey mouth, cat ear, eagle claw, fish tail.The dragon pattern in the Qing Dynasty is defined as "nine like", that is, the horn is like a deer, the neck is like a snake, the scale is like a fish, the claw is like an eagle, the palm is like a tiger, and the ear is like a cow, which can't be confusedembroidered dragon on the emperor's robes、Sitting on a dragon, Xinglong, Shenglong, Jianglong, etc.According to the Ming Dynasty, the decorative pattern for the upper part is that the ascending and descending dragons embrace the auspicious clouds and embrace the auspicious cloudsflower budClouds and auspicious cloudsEight treasure patternEtc.In fact, in the Ming and Qing dynasties,Messina CreeperIt has become a royal exclusive decoration.
Another example is that cypress is evergreen in winter and summer, and does not wither in the cold. Its biological characteristics are extended to immortality, which is used to bless longevity;Albizia julibrissinYe Chenshu's night reunion, close to the meaning of a couple, is used to wish the couple harmony;Variegatedpomegranate、GrapeIt is a prayer for more children and more blessings;Peach or crane means longevity.
Auspicious patterns
Because of its own characteristics, Chinese characters arehomophonic puns It provides a vast world.In Chinese, one pronunciation often corresponds to several Chinese characters. Therefore, the same and similar pronunciation can be used to obtain certainrhetorical effect 。For example, the bottle harmony "Ping" means "peace", while the bat and the Buddha hand harmony "Fu",MagpieHarmony "joy",sweet-scented osmanthusGuiyuan, LilyCypressHarmonize "hundreds".
Auspicious patterns can also be directly expressed in various styles of auspicious Chinese characters, such as Fu, Shou, Xi, etc.This method of expressing people's good wishes in words dates back toHan brocadeIt was widely used and developed unprecedentedly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.For example, the word "longevity" has long been patterned and artistic, becoming an auspicious symbol.According to the statistics of "Mascot in China", the character "longevity" has more than 300 kinds of figures, which are extremely varied and can be expressed in a variety of fonts.The long shape is called "longevity", and the round shape is called "longevity" (death without illness). It can also be expressed in many words, such as“Longevity chart”。
The Swastika was originally not a Chinese character, but Sanskrit, read as Srivatsalalsana, meaning "an auspicious symbol of the chest".This is a religious symbol. It is said in Buddhist works that the Buddha is born again, and his chest is hiddenswastika Grain.This sign was formerly translated as“Auspicious sea cloud phase”。In the Tang Dynasty in the seventh centuryWu ZetianWhen in power, it was officially used as a Chinese character.Since then, Buddhist scriptures have written the word "ten thousand" with the same pronunciation.Although it is used as a Chinese character, it still appears more in the form of patterns.The pattern of "ten thousand words winding water" in the auspicious pattern is drawn into various interlocking patterns by stretching out the four ends of the Swastika, which means continuous."Wanzi Qushui" patternShading。The most widely used pattern is clothing.In the old days, many squires took this as their goalLong gown and mandarin jacketOf the monarchimperial robeThere are also many embroidered and weaved swastika characters on the court clothes.
Common combinations
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Of course, most of the above three techniques can be used together.The common pattern combinations at that time were:
Chinese auspicious patterns began more than 3000 years agoZhou dynasty, later spread among the people.Auspicious patterns are still an indispensable part of Chinese life.
give an example
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The content of auspicious patterns in China is extremely extensive. Here are some of the most common patterns:
“Double Happiness”The word "Double Happiness" means "Double Happiness" and "Good Luck". It is often used by the people in wedding ceremonies.
The word "longevity", whose prefix is processed and beautified into a symmetrical pattern, means longevity.
"Happiness and longevity" is a pattern composed of bat and longevity characters."Bat" is homonymous with "Fu", which means happiness and longevity.
A symmetrical pattern composed of two "you" characters, which means that there are both "shun" and "you".In China's rural areas, it is often pasted on the utensils for grain collection, indicating a rich harvest.
"Ruyi head" symbolizes success.
"Baiji" is also called "Panchang".It has no head, no tail, no beginning and no end. It can be imagined as many "knots" and "hundred auspicious" sounds. As a symbol of the good luck of Pepsi, it also has the meaning of longevity.
"Four in one Ruyi", the four Ruyi are connected from four sides, symbolizingAll goes as you wish.
Good fortune is good and beneficial;Xiangben refers to the omen of good or bad luck.The combination of the two words means happiness and auspiciousness. Since the Warring States Period, the word auspiciousness has become increasingly popular.To the Tang Dynasty,Cheng XuanyingIt is interpreted as: good is good;Auspiciousness is the battle of Jiaqing. Since then, the word "auspiciousness" has become a blessing for longevity and success in everythinggood luckThe concept ofChinese cultureAn important part of.
Mascots and auspicious patterns can be said to be the concrete expression of the concept of auspiciousness - in order to express the yearning for happiness, joy and festivity, people will process the inherent attributes of things, or add artisticsymbolic meaning For example, a thing is attached to a myth or a homonym of its name and regarded as a good omen, or a beautiful story and a festive omen are drawn into a picture.
Mascots represent the innate nature of human beings to seek good fortune and avoid evil. In addition to superstition, we can try to savor the touching stories and artistic achievements derived from the pursuit of good fortune.Even in many sports events today, "mascots" often appear, such asArchitectural sculpture, WoodwareStationery, ceramic depictionPaper-cuts for Window DecorationPaper cuts, mural calendars and even the logo of the city or advertising all reflect this hope for life.
It is believed that the combination of the two words "auspiciousness" originated from Zhuangzi·Earthly world》"The empty room is white, and the good fortune stops." Cheng Xuanying of the Tang Dynasty had an explanation for this: "The good fortune is a good thing; the good fortune is a sign of Jiaqing." Try to use this explanation to explain the generation of many auspicious patterns, which is to draw beautiful stories and festive signs into images to express the idea of seeking good fortune and expelling bad fortune;It can be self praying or mutual blessing.On the other hand, the theme and composition of many auspicious patterns are all based on "good things" and "the march of Jiaqing".
