A machine that processes and refines printed sheets into finished products
open4 entries with the same name
The printedPrinted sheetA machine for processing and finishing into printed products.The methods of book binding arethread-bound, paperback and hardcover.It is generally cut, foldedgathering(with posts)Book block processing, stapling, wrapping, cutting, packaging and other processes.
Machinery used to produce printed matter and complete the printing processequipment、instrumentThe general name of.It is generally divided into plate making machineryPrinting machine3 categories of binding machinery.
A machine for making printing plates according to the different needs of relief, lithography, intaglio and perforated plates and the types of originals.It is divided into two categories: text plate making machinery and image plate making machinery.The former includes type casting machineCasting machine、Phototypesetter, paper making machineLead plate makingMachinery, plastic plate making machineryResin versionPlate making machinery, rubber plate making machinery, etc.The latter hasPlate making camera、Electronic color separators, electronic revision machineElectronic engravingMachine, whole pagePatchworkMachine, film processor, copy machine, plate dryerPrinter、presensitized plate Plate making machinery, copperZinc platePlate making machinery, gravure plate making machineryHole plate makingMechanical and image plate making auxiliary equipment (densimeter, automaticDeveloper, light source and light source controller, etc.).
Printing machine
A machine that prints and reproduces words and images with a printed plate.According to the different printing plates usedLetterpress、Lithographic press、Gravure printing machine、Hole plate printing machine、Special printing machineEtc.According to the stamping form, there are three basic types: flat press, round press and round press.
Binding machine
There are single bookbinding machines that complete one process on one machine, and linkage machines that complete several processes on a group of machines.Single machine hasPaper cutting machine、Folding machine、Paging machine, wire stapler, adhesive stapler, sewing machine, paperback book block wrapping machine, back ironing machinehardcoverCore processing machinery (flattening, rounding, ridging, etc.), hardcover case making machine, shell forming machine, three side book cutting machine, packaging machine, etc.Linkage machines include horse riding stapling linkage machine, paperback book binding linkage machine, hardcover book binding linkage machine, book block processing linkage machine, etc.
Printing machines are divided into relief, lithography, intaglio and hole printing machines according to the printing plate form;It can be divided into flat platen, round platen and round platen presses according to plate mounting and stamping structure
A machine that uses letterpress to complete the printing process.Such as business card machine（Resin version）, type printing, zinc letterpress, set of number words, etc.
A machine that uses lithography to complete the printing process.Such as multi-color machine, four-color machine, two-color machine, monochrome machine, fast printing machine, etc.
A machine that uses gravure to complete the printing process.For example, glass bag printing of instant noodles and biscuitsAluminum foil bagPackaging, etc.
The printing plate cooperates to and fro, and when moving forward,Embossing cylinderA printing machine that rotates for one circle, and when it returns, the embossing cylinder stops rotating to complete a printing process.
4. Single revolution printing press;A printing machine that completes a printing process when the plate printing table reciprocates once and the impression cylinder rotates once.
5. Two revolution printing press;A printing machine that completes a printing process every time the plate printing table reciprocates
Printing equipment is mainly composed of paper feeding device, printing device, paper receiving device and other devices.The following is a detailed introduction to the four categories of printing characteristic equipment.
Paper feeder
The paper feeder is installed, continuously supplied and replacedwebThe device mainly includes: roll paper support device, paper feeding device, paper receiving device (single sheet, roll)
a. Web bearing devices are mostly supported by the center of the web:
② Expansion mandrel. ⑵No spindle support device.Mainly used for largePrinting machine。
(3) Mandrel support seat.
b. Paper loading device: During printing, the diameter of the web paper gradually decreases until a new web paper needs to be replaced.
(1) Form of paper arm.According to the number of web paper that can be installed by the paper loading device, it can be divided into three types, namely single arm type, double arm type and three arm type
⑵ Pneumatic paper loading mechanism.The pneumatic paper loading mechanism is powered by compressed air and drives the upper paper arm through the pneumatic device to lift and lower the upper paper arm
⑶ Electric paper loading mechanism.This mechanism is composed of motor and mechanical transmission device
c. UsingwebWhen performing long version live printing, it is not only required to replace the web paper without stopping the machine, but also to glue the new and old paper tapes at the same speed to complete the whole process of paper change. For this reason, an automatic paper receiving device is generally set up without stopping the machine.
Printing device
It is a device that transfers the ink of images and texts on the printing plate to the paper.(Printedroller, ink transfer (water transfer)
Paper receiving device
Web printing machineThe paper receiving system of refers to the rewinding orFoldout. Post receiving system, mainly including drying and cooling device, rewinding device, folding device, etc. (paper receiving, rewinding, online processing)
Traditionally, the air is heated by electricity and then sent to the printed matter by a fan.But it is popular to adoptheat pumpTechnology can achieve 60% - 90% energy-saving ratio.
(2) Flame drying device
⑶ Flame hot air combined drying device
2. Cooling device.The surface temperature of the paper tape at the outlet of the drying device can often reach 120~180C, which requires cooling the surface of the paper tape. Therefore, there is no cooling device behind the drying device;The cooling device is generally composed of 2-3 hollowCooling rollComposition, andCooling water circulation systemto be connected
b. Rewinding device, atFlexible packaging materialsIn printing, afterpolychrome printingAfter drying and cooling, it is often necessary to rewind the printed paper tape, which requires a rewinding device.
Including positioning, conveying, paper guide, detection, tensionRegistrationAnd other control and adjustment devices
Frequency converter
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Printing equipment frequency converter
Printing machineryWhen starting, the current of the motor will be 5-6 times higher than the rated current, which will not only affect the service life of the motor but also consume more power. The system will leave a certain margin in the selection of the motor in the design, and the speed of the motor is fixed, but in the actual use process, sometimes it needs to run at a lower or higher speed, so it is very necessary to carry out frequency conversion transformation.Frequency converter can realize motorSoft start. By changing the equipmentInput voltage frequencyTo achieve the purpose of energy-saving speed regulation, and to provide equipment with overcurrent, overvoltage, overload and other protection functions.Domestic famous frequency converter manufacturers include Sanjing, Yingweiteng, etc
management
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Strictly speaking, technical equipment management includes two aspects: one is technical management;The second is equipment management.
technology
Technical management is the planned and purposeful scientific management of all technical activities in the production process according to the characteristics and laws of production technology itself and the current technical policies.
The basic task of technology management is to establish the necessary work order for various technical activities, establish and improve various technology management systems, carry out scientific research, actively promote and adopt new technologies, new processes, new materials, and transformExisting technologyEquipment, constantly tap the potential, innovate and transform to improve the modernization level of the printing factory;Provide reliable technical basis for reasonable and efficient production organization, including product design, process plan and various technical documents;At the same time, it provides technical guarantee for safe production.
The main contents of technical management include: formulating plans for scientific and technological development, potential tapping, innovation and transformation of the factory, and formulating and implementing themProcess managementRelevant regulations and responsibility system of quality management, equipment management and production technology.The collection and management of scientific research and technical information, the management of technical innovation and the introduction of new technologies and equipment, the management of technical archives and technical data, and the technical education, training and assessment of employees.
Technical management should be in the charge of professional and technical personnel, special institutions should be set up and appliedModern scienceMethod.
equipment
Equipment management ensures that all kinds of equipment are in good condition at any time, improves the efficiency of equipment, and thus ensures the normal production.
The main task of equipment management is to correctly select and purchase equipment according to the principle of advanced technology and reasonable economy;Ensure that the machinery and equipment are always in the best technical state;Master the repair and maintenance technology of imported equipment as soon as possible, do a good job in the purchase and supply of spare parts, and ensure the normal operation of equipment;Formulate relevant equipment maintenance and repair system and supervise its implementation;establishequipment maintenance Archives, etc.
In addition, reasonable use of equipment is also an important part of equipment management. Only reasonable production arrangements can give full play to the role of equipment.It can not only obtain the best economic effect, but also reduce the wear of equipment, extend the service life of equipment, and obtain long-term, stable and greater benefits.
Maintenance
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In the maintenance of printing equipment, we should adhere to the idea of giving priority to maintenance and prevention, and take effective measures from the organizational form and system to ensure the implementation of this work.The following introduces the common sense of equipment maintenance and repair.
Maintenance content
Generally, it can be divided into four categories:
① Routine maintenance, also known as routine maintenance, is to clean and lubricate the equipment, fasten loose fasteners, and check the integrity of parts.
② First level maintenance: check the equipment regularly (once a week, for example): clean the water bucket and water tank of the fountain system, tighten the loose parts, clean the inside and outside of the machine, drive systemlubrication systemPneumatic system and stamping part.
③Secondary maintenance, mainly cleaning (including water glue and ink glue) and lubricating the inside of the equipment, carrying out targeted disassembly inspection of key parts, adjusting the machine equipment (including level, etc.), and replacing vulnerable parts.
④ Third level maintenance, disassembly inspection and adjustment of the main part of the equipment, including cleaning of the motor, inspection of technical status, replacement of lubricating oil, etc;Replace some parts that have reached the specified wear limit, such as bearing key pins, electrical and pneumatic components.
Pay attention to the following points for air pump and maintenance:
(d) Check the tightness of the drive belt monthly, and clean the motor and radiator;
(e) Change the oil every 3 months and thoroughly clean the oil chamber;
(f) Check the pressure drop (air leakage) every one year. If the pressure drop exceeds 10%, check and replace the damaged one in timecompressorSealing element;
(g) Overhaul once every two years and conduct a comprehensive inspection?
Each printing factory must work out the best maintenance system and detailed maintenance rules that meet the existing equipment and production requirements based on the actual situation of the existing equipment and the actual production.
Common sense of maintenance
The maintenance of equipment is different from the maintenance of equipment in terms of contents and functions. The main purpose of repair is to find faults, remove faults, repair and replace damaged, worn and corroded parts, so that the equipment can operate normally.Equipment repair is divided into electrical part and mechanical part.
① Common sense of electrical part maintenance
In the daily repair of printing equipment, the electrical part accounts for a large proportion. With the continuous development of printing technology and equipment,Automatic controlThe degree is higher and higher, and the control system is more complex.Therefore, electrical maintenance personnel are required to have high technical skill level and quality, and understand computer principle and operation.For the printing and maintenance electricians, they should pay attention to the following points in their daily maintenance work:
(a) Read the equipment carefullyElectrical schematic diagramAnd relevant documents, and master the electrical principle and control system principle of the equipment in principle.Find out the location of electrical components, wiring, routing, numbering and routing.
(b) In view of the failure of machinery and equipment, carefully analyze the parts that may cause the failure, find the components and circuits that may cause the failure according to the electrical schematic diagram, wiring diagram, etc., diagnose and eliminate them one by one.
(c) In electrical repair, check the power supply voltage first?Whether the current is normal, whether the air pump pressure reaches the standard, whether the oil pressure of the lubrication system reaches the standard, etc. If necessary, the load can be disconnected to help judge whether the machinery is overloaded
Electrical fault or protection caused by load.
(d) The web offset press is automatically controlled by a PC, which brings a lot of convenience for troubleshooting electrical faults?GenerallyControl cabinetWithlight-emitting diodeMake fault prompt, and find the fault location according to the prompt?In more advanced equipment, you can first find the prompt on the console display screen, or use a laptop andIndustrial computer"Dialogue", find the system that causes the fault?Parts, and then eliminate them one by one?
(e) Common electrical faults can be summarized as: damaged fuse, contactorRelay contactDamaged, loose wiring, poor contact, button and limit switch failure, a position control switch in the safety protection system is not reset,Tension control systemThe photoelectric detection part of the paper break system is faulty, the solenoid valve is leaking, damaged, etc.
（f）MotorIt is the source of power in printing equipmentDC motorandAC motorCommon faults are briefly introduced.
The common faults during DC electric operation are mechanical and electrical.Mechanical failures mainly include bearing heating, motor vibrationarmatureCollision with stator core and abnormal noise.Generally, it is caused by armature rotation. During inspection, manually rotate the armature to observe whether the armature collides with the stator, and judge whether the vibration is caused by the motor itself or due to poor transmission device.The motor is less likely to vibrate due to its own poor dynamic balance. What often happens is that the concentricity of the transmission device is not good, which will easily cause vibrationMotor bearingDamage, or even deformation of armature output shaft.
DC motorThe most common electrical failure isbrushAndcommutatorDuring normal operation, the spark between the brush and the commutator is light blue, weak and dense, the contact surface of the brush is smooth and bright, and the commutator surface will form a layer of reddish brown oxide film.When the motor operates abnormally, the size and color of the spark will change. When the fault is slight, the spark will appear yellow red and bright, and the surface of the commutator will become black with burning marks.If the spark is serious, a large number of red and green sparks will be sprayed, mixed with flash, and accompanied by rattle. If the machine is not stopped in time for inspection, the commutator, brush and brush holder will soon be burned out.When the brush position deviates from the geometric centerline,Armature windingSerious sparks may occur in case of internal open circuit or short circuit.In addition, the brush's brand and performance are inconsistent, the brush's pressure is too high or too low, the brush's grinding is not good, the contact area is too small, and other reasons will cause failures.
communicationThree phase asynchronous motorThe mechanical failure ofDC motorSame.Here is a brief introduction to common electrical faults. First, single-phase operation fault, that is, one of the three-phase windings of the motor is disconnected. At this time, the motor torque is significantly reduced, the speed is slowed, the sound is abnormal, and the motor will burn out due to serious heating for a longer time;The second is that the motor is seriously heated and even emits a sticky smell. This fault may be caused by too heavy load or too low or too high power supply voltage.
② Common sense of mechanical part maintenance
Mechanical failures can generally be divided into accidental failures and natural failures. Accident failures are mostly caused by improper maintenance or adjustment, violation of operating procedures, etc., and should be avoided as far as possible.Although natural failure is difficult to avoid, it can extend the mechanicalEffective working time。
There are three main failure modes of mechanical parts: fracture, deformation and surface failure, which are introduced respectively belowPrinting machineryWear, deformation, cleaning method, disassembly and assembly of parts.
(a) Wear of printing machine parts
During the working process of the machine, if the size of the relative moving part surface occurs?The change of shape and surface quality is called wear.
The main reasons for wear of parts are friction and molecular gravity.Wear can be divided intoabrasive wear , mechanical friction wear andadhesive wear 。The reasons affecting the wear of mechanical parts are generally: speed, pressure, lubrication, temperature, materials, processing and matching.
(b) Deformation of printing machine parts
In the process of maintenance, wear is one of the main factors of mechanical damage, but the micro deformation of parts is easy to be ignored. Often, after the repaired wear parts are assembled, the technical performance of the machine fails to meet the requirements.This is related to metal deformation.In actual production, the deformation of basic parts should be paid special attention, because if the deformation of basic parts occurs, it will affect the interrelationship of all parts assembled on the basic parts and the mechanical properties of the mechanism.Therefore, in the process of parts repair, it is necessary to check not only the wear condition of the mating surface, but also the mutual position accuracy of parts (especially basic parts)?For the mechanical deformation after the first overhaul, be sure to pay attention to itsinternal stressWhether there is deformation after 12~20 months under the action.aboutHot workingCorresponding measures shall be taken to remove the internal stress of the passing parts.
Mechanical repair personnel must face disassembly and assembly problems when repairing printing machinery, especially assembly, which will directly affect the quality of mechanical performance. Low assembly quality will cause serious wear and tear of machinery.
(a) Disassembly of machinery
Because there are many types of printing machines and different shapes of parts, it is difficult to describe them one by one.General disassembly principles are introduced here.
First of all, the structure, function and principle of the machine must be understood before disassembly, and relevant technical data and instructions must be consulted first.From the actual situation, determine the parts to be disassembled. The parts that can not be disassembled should not be disassembled as far as possible, but the parts that cannot be disassembled must be inspected as a whole to ensure the quality.
Secondly, the disassembly shall be carried out from the outside to the inside. The external accessories, oil pipes, etc. shall be disassembled first, and then the assembly shall be disassembled in the order of parts. For the more important parts matching positions, they shall be marked and numbered during disassembly, and shall not be stacked disorderly.Reasonably during disassemblyUsing toolsIt is also important that the tools must be compatible with the removed parts.If disassembledThreaded connectionAppropriate wrenches shall be selected for the parts, special tools shall be used to remove the static mating parts, and random hammering and prying are not allowed.
In addition, conditions shall be created for assembly during disassemblyInterchangeabilityWhen disassembling, the parts should also be marked or placed in pairs to facilitate resetting during assembly, which can ensure thatAssembly precisionAnd reduce unnecessary wear.
(b) Mechanical assembly
The fitting accuracy and dimensional accuracy must be guaranteed during assembly. To ensure the fitting accuracyMatching method, repair method and adjustment method.The dimensional accuracy mainly refers to the error degree of the assembly dimension of each part in the assembly. That is to say, in the assembly, attention should be paid to eliminating the accumulated error, so as to avoid adverse effects on the machine due to the increase of the accumulated error.
The seal in the assembly is also importantPrinting machineThe seal is mainly used for air pump, gearbox and other parts, and air and oil leakage will occur when the seal fails.Therefore, thesealing material Appropriate, reasonable assembly and selectionLiquid sealantFor static seal storage, dry adhesive type, dry strippable type, non dry adhesive type and semi dry type shall be used according to different use propertiesViscoelasticityType, etc.
The preparation before assembly must not be ignored, including inspection before assembly, cleaning during assembly and assembly of components.The last is the trial run after assembly, which has two functions: one is to check the quality of assembly;The second is to adjust the machinery.
(c) Cleaning of mechanical parts
The cleaning of mechanical parts is an indispensable link in machine repair, and the cleaning content is mainly oil removal and rust removal.
There are three main methods of degreasing cleaning: alkaline solution degreasing, organic solvent degreasing and metal cleaning degreasing.The alkaline solution mentioned here is mainly the alkaline solution added with emulsifier, which has a good effect on cleaning mineral oil.The so-called organic solvent generally refers to gasolinekeroseneIt can dissolve all kinds of grease without damaging parts. In addition to gasoline and kerosene, alcoholacetone, ether and other organic solvents.Metal cleaner is a new typeSynthetic detergent, due to the decrease of basic surfactantinterfacial tensionIt has many functions, such as wetting, penetration, emulsification, dispersion, etcdecontaminationAbility.This kind of detergent is non-toxic, non corrosive, non combustible, non explosive, and pollution-free. It has a certain anti rust ability and low cost, and has been widely used.
Rust removal and cleaning methods mainly include mechanical method and chemical method.Mechanical derusting is generally usedWire brush, scraperEmery clothAnd sometimes electricgrinding wheelandWire wheelconduct.Mechanical derusting is easy to leave scratches on the working surface, and is only suitable for surface derusting of unimportant parts.Chemical derusting generally uses hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid to remove alkalinitymetallic oxideThe method is simple and the derusting effect is good.When using this method to remove rust, it is necessary to master the concentration ratio of solvent.
Development trend
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Printing equipment
Printing equipment is moving towards intelligent control to reduceAuxiliary time；Electrical equipment system integration modularization;Product combination and multi-function;Stable and reliable quality;Develop in a more environmentally friendly direction.
In different areas of the printing equipment industry, growth and profit potential are also different.The market drivers driving the development of the printing equipment industry often change over time, such as the degree of market competition and customer diversity.In the past few years, digitalizationComputer direct plate makingThe application of the technology has exceeded the traditional simulation technology.This development trend will continue as more small and medium-sized printing enterprises realize digital prepress technology.
On the other hand, the high demand for printed materials and the growing capacity of fast printing shops will promote the printing media industry to obtain more investment.Although the Internet, television, advertising and other means of communication have kept growingPrinting mediaIt still dominates the advertising market.includeCorrugated cardboardAnd solidsPackaging printing、in soft package、cartonPrintingLabel printingTogether, they constitute the largest global terminal seal
Brush market share.In addition to packaging, magazines, newspapers, catalogues, booksThe brochureTogether with brochures, direct mail, inserts, business forms and office printing, they occupy other market shares of terminal printing.
In the past 10 years,Digital printingIt has successfully captured most of the market share from the traditional sheet fed printing, and the development trend of digital printing continues even during the financial crisis.
Under the trend of cost control, profit reduction and price pressureIndustry integrationThe tide will continue.
The period from 2008 to 2009 is undoubtedly the most difficult period in the development history of the global printing industry. Printing service suppliers and printing equipment suppliers have been faced with unprecedented challenges.During this period, the sales of printing equipment experienced a decline of 7% - 8%. Many enterprises implemented a series of plans to ensure that they could survive the worst recession in the history of the printing industry.Online printing and other digitalizationPrinting modeHowever, it has gained growth, and this trend has also deepened the existing crisis in the printing industry.Many large equipment manufacturers have successively closed down, and some smaller enterprises have either cooperated with other enterprises or been acquired by large enterprises in the industry.Sheet fedoffset machine, commercial rotary engine, newspaper industry and other fields have reached the lowest point in many major income indicators.
However, with the obvious improvement of the global economy, the global printing industry also recovered in the first half of 2010.Sheet fedPrinting machineandCommercial rotary printing pressThe demand of is also gradually increasing, and it is expected that they will gradually return to the previous development speed.
At present, Europe is still the largest printing equipment and servicesRegional market。The United States and the Asia Pacific region are other major markets.Driven by markets such as Australia, China, India, Singapore and Thailand, the market demand in the Asia Pacific region has expanded rapidly, and it is expected to maintain the overall fastest growth of compound banks by 2015.Among them, sheet fed printing equipment will maintain the fastestCompound growth rate。
Middle East market
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Saudi Arabia Printing Market
According to the information released by the Organizing Committee of 2014 Saudi Printing and Packaging Exhibition, Saudi Arabia's printing market isGulf regionOne of the oldest and largest printing markets, its size has exceeded 800 million US dollars and maintained a steady growth of 8% every year.The daily output of newspapers and the monthly output of magazines in Saudi Arabia are 5.1 million and 2 million respectively, which has laid a solid foundation for the vigorous development of the printing industry in the region.
RiyadhZiad, deputy general manager of the exhibition company, said that Saudi Arabia's printing industry has the longest history and the largest scale in the entire Gulf region.The economy here is growing rapidlyPopulation sizeThe continuous expansion, increasingly active cultural and educational activities, and relatively rapid development of the retail industry have directly promoted the rapid development of Saudi Arabia's printing, advertising and marketing industries, and stimulated the increase of market demand for printing equipment and services.
"Today, most government agencies have their own printing equipment. The Ministry of Defense alone has 20Printing machine。Each university and educational institution also has its own publishing unit. "Therefore, Saudi Arabia has a great demand for advanced products and services, and local printing enterprises urgently need modern technology and efficient equipment to meet the market demand[1]
