Lanyu is located in the east of Taiwan Province, China[2]About 45 square kilometers, it is an island formed by submarine volcanic eruption. The island is famous for producing phalaenopsis, so it is called "Orchid Island".
Chinese name
Lanyu
Foreign name
Orchid Island
geographical position
Lanyu Township, Taidong County, Taiwan Province, China[2]
Lanyu is one of Taiwan's ethnic minoritiesDawn ManIt is a place where people live for a long time. The small island with an area of 45 square kilometers is verdant. The hills on the island are undulating, and the seashore is full of strange stones with different shapes.Xiaolan Island in the south is the southernmost island in the Lan Island area of Taiwan Province.
geographical position
Satellite map of Lanyu
Orchid Island is a small island standing in the western Pacific Ocean.Northwest to Taiwan ProvinceTaitung City49 nautical miles, distanceGreen Island45 nautical miles, southwestGoose luan nose41 nautical miles.The island has beautiful scenery, coconut wind, banana rain, and tropical scenery. It is called a paradise in the world.There are more than 2000 Dawu compatriots living on the island, which still retains the traditional and primitive life habits.They are gentle, honest and pure,Good at singing and dancing。
Beilanyu Township consists of Lanyu Island and Xiaolanyu Island. With an area of 45 square kilometers, Lanyu Island is the largest subordinate island of Taiwan.Xiaolanyu covers an area of 1.5 square kilometers and is uninhabited.
Climatic characteristics
Lanyu
Due to the strong monsoon in winter and frequent typhoons in summer and autumn, the surrounding coast of Lanyu Island is very eroded by waves, resulting in many special marine erosion topographical landscapes, which are full of natural caves and strange rocks and cliffs. The famous ones are Warship Rock Island, Tank Rock, Jade Lady Rock, Double Lion Rock, Dragon's Head Rock and Lover's Cave.The uplifted coral reef surrounding the island forms a skirt reef topographic landscape.Villages are scattered in coastal areas, such as Yeyin Village and Dongqing Village on the east coast, Coconut Oil Village and Hongtou Village on the west coast, and Langdao Island on the north coast;Dongqing Village is the largest village on the island and also the main fishing port.External transportation is mainly by air;Kaiyuan Port in Yeyou Village is the main external transport port and fishing boat operation base.The islandersTao （Dawn Man）Mainly fishing for a living.
Lanyu is located in the tropics, with high temperature all the year round. It used to be the colony of Dawu people.Its residents have an old way of life and simple clothes.With the introduction and active development of the civilization of the times,Dawn ManThe standard of living has greatly improved.In addition to Dawu people, many Han people live there.
Lanyu is formed by submarine volcanic eruptionisland, mostlya mountain countryOnly the coast has moderate flat land.Hongtou Peak in the center of the island is 548 meters above sea level;In the north, there is Qingshe Mountain, 438 meters above sea level, and Shesha Mountain, 494 meters above sea level;In the southeast, there is Mount Dasen, which is 480 meters above sea level.The island has a circumference of 38 kilometers, and its coastline is very tortuous, mostly surrounded by uplifted coral reefs.
Lanyu Island is located in the tropics, with an annual average temperature of 22 ℃.The annual monthly average temperature above 20 ℃ lasts for 9 months. It is rainy all the year round, with annual precipitation up to 3055mm. The distribution of precipitation season is relatively average, and there is no obvious difference between rainy season and dry season.There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and the northeast monsoon is strong in winter.
Islanders
The distribution of biomass on the island is about the following types:MammalsThere are about 9 species, 17 species of reptiles, 3 species of two biological animals, 101 species of birds, and more than 400 species of common or rare island creatures.Coconut crab, green loggerhead turtle, goat, toadPearlescent Clothes Phoenix Butterfly, pig, dog, cat, flying fish, horned owl (owl).
Lanyu is located off the southeast coast of Taitung City, about 90 kilometers from the coast. The island is composed of andesite and agglomerate or tuffaceous agglomerate.Andesite outcrops in the central part of the island, surrounded byVolcaniclastic rockIs overwritten.The edge of the highland formed by volcanic rocks is partially surrounded by alluvial fans and cliff cone debris, and there are uplifted coral reefs along the coast.Lanyu volcanic neck remains abundant, which is an ideal teaching demonstration theme, such as Mantou Rock in Yeyou Village, Old Man Rock in Qingqing Grassland in Hongtou Village, Elephant Trunk Rock in Yeyin Village, Langdao volcanic rock mass and five hole basalt vein.[1]
administrative division
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Lanyu Township has four administrative villages, including six tribes, namely Dongqing, Yeyin, Langdao, Coconut Oil, Fisherman and Hongtou, which are close to mountains and sea and form their own settlements.The administrative center is located in Hongtou Village.It is one of the towns with the smallest population in the county, with a population density of 53 people per square kilometer. It is one of the towns with the lowest population density in the county and the province.ResidentsGaoshan nationalityInDawn ManIt is the largest, accounting for more than 90%, with a minority of Han population.
population
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As of 2014, there are more than 4000 people in Lanyu, most of whom are Dawu people, and more than 1000 permanent residents.[3]
Historical evolution
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The original name of the Lantau Island was "Hongtou Island". According to the Hengchun County Annals, which was written by a successor of the Qing Dynasty, "Hongtou Island is named because it has many complex trees, is beautiful and deep, is sparse and the sun rises, and is red without trees,Later, the island was renamed Lanyu because it was rich in the world-famous and precious flower Phalaenopsis.
In 1877, Zhou Youji, the magistrate of Hengchun County, incorporated Hongtou Islet (Orchid Islet) into the territory of the Qing Empire and was subordinate to Hengchun County.
In 1895, it was included in theTreaty of ShimonosekiIn the second paragraph of the second paragraph, "the whole island of Taiwan and all its affiliated islands" become Japanese territory.The colonial government prohibited ordinary people from entering the Lantau Island for development and set up research areas.
In 1897, the JapaneseTorii Ryuzo It is the first time to go in for exploration and call residents "yami" (Yamei). This isTao Formerly known asYami ethnic minorityThe origin of.
In 1981, after the establishment of Lanyu Storage Yard, it was operated and managed by the Radioactive Pending Materials Management Division of the Energy Society at an early stage. However, in July 1990, Taiwan Electric Power Corporation took over the operation of the yard in accordance with the "Radioactive Waste Management Policy" issued by the Executive Yuan, and the Energy Society was responsible for safety supervision.There are still many dissenting voices among the islanders.
In 1996, the Dawu ethnic group launched a fierce struggle because they suspected that the Taidian material carrier was carrying highly radioactive nuclear waste, and shut down anynuclear wasteThe low-level nuclear waste generated by Taiwan's nuclear power plants is temporarily stored in each power plant.
January 17, 2002 "Legislative Yuan"Approved by the leaders of Taiwan on February 6Chen ShuibianThe amendment to Article 14 of the Outlying Islands Construction Ordinance was announced, which stipulates that "the electricity charge for the private residence of residents in Lanyu should be exempted". The legislative reason is that "the additional proviso on the exemption of electricity charge in Lanyu is a reasonable compensation (compensation) based on the special sacrifice of Dawu people.
folk culture
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Dawu people are the only Gaoshan people living in Taiwan Province of ChinaOutlying islandsThe ethnic group on the.Sino-Japanese Jiawu WarLater, Lanyu accompaniedTaiwan IslandForced to cede to Japan.In March 1897, the "Hongtouyu Survey Team" organized by the Japanese, after five days of exploration, believed that Lanyu Island was of no development value, and listed it as an anthropological study area of primitive peoples. It was forbidden for outsiders to move in to isolate it from the outside world.toRecovery of TaiwanAt that time, Dawu people still basically maintained their original way of life.
Residents on the island mainly eat sweet potatoes, water taro and dried fish.Every harvest season, almost all the people of the whole tribe go out to collect taro, take it back to the village to store a large number of them, and every household holds containers to wait in line for distribution, and happily take it home to eat.
In Lanyu, fish is the main source of protein for Dawu people. They divide the fish they catch into three types by color: old man fish, man fish and woman fish.The worst black fish is for the elderly, the grayish green fish is for the men, and the red black or white fish is also the best fish for the women.This is because in the Dawu society, women have to go to the fields, raise children, work hardest, and eat the best fish.However, the elderly can only eat the worst fish because they are too old and weak to engage in production.They think that it is very fair to distribute income according to ability.However, flying fish is edible regardless of age.
From April to June every year, it is the peak season for Lanyu to produce flying fish, and it is also the busiest time for Dawu people.They have a traditional ritual of collective fishing at sea, which is held once a year and is called "Flying Fish Festival".Flying fish sacrifice is the most solemn and grand sacrifice of Dawu people, which is held at dawn.In the early morning of the day, wooden boats with colorful patterns were parked on the beach, and people participating in the celebration gathered around. An elderly man was the chief mourner, and chickens and pigs were sacrificed to the sea god, praying for the protection of the god and the harvest of flying fish.After the sacrifice, the man went out to sea in a canoe, naked and wearing thongs.Flying fish are often caught at night. They light a torch in the fishing boat and put the net into the sea. Flying fish will fly from the sea when they see the light and jump into the net one after another.A small canoe rowed by two people can catch thirty or fifty in one nightFlying fish。Throughout the flying fish season, the island can catch as much as one million jin.When the fishing boat returned, the strong men on the bank swarmed to help push the canoe onto the beach.Women and children are busy dissecting, scaling and drying the flying fish, which can be eaten for a year.
When the new house was completed or the new ship was put on trial, the villagers gathered in front of the master's house in silver helmets, sang songs, slaughtered pigs and sheep, and entertained relatives and friends.During the trial voyage of the big ship, the sturdy men jointly lifted the ship and threw it into the air, and then performed exorcism.The women wore pointed hats with wide brims, dresses with bright colors and straight stripes, and their chests were covered with pearls, agates and other ornaments of different lengths. They danced the rare boating dance and hair dance at the seaside.
In Lanyu, it is often seen that some young men wear a string of beaded decorations on their necks, which is a sign of men's courtship.There are more men than women on the island. Women have a high social status and enjoy absolute spouse choice.Dawu people adopt a monogamous system. Every year, before and after the flying fish season, unmarried young men and women from all villages gather on the beach every night, singing and dancing all night. If the two parties agree and express their wish to become lifelong partners, the man can stay in the woman's home for a month, and the woman's parents will investigate their behavior, character, ability, etc. and feel satisfied before they can get married.
People who have visited Lanyu Island will feel that the island residents are carefree and carefree. The people here are simple and independent.Surrounded by blue waves and white waves, banana rain and coconut wind, the scenery is natural and beautiful without any trace of artificial carving.Living on the island is like living in a paradise.
Due to the influence of climate and tradition, the Dawu people in Lanyu used to wear a T-belt on men's lower body and a scarf on women's chest and waist, which was once called "Naked Man Island".Under the influence of modern civilization, except for the elderly, young people have the same clothes as Taiwan.Most of the island residents' houses are built in caves 2 meters deep.The house is surrounded by stones. The roof is flush with the ground. The upper part is paved with stone slabs. There are entrances and exits on the seaward side. When it is windy or rainy, a door panel is used to cover the opening. This kind of house can not only prevent typhoons, but also avoid high temperatures.Many modern cement structure houses have been built in Lanyu, but most people still like to live in caves except a few young people.
There is not much arable land in Lanyu Island, and the residents are not accustomed to growing rice, but have a variety ofSweet potato、Taro, which is the staple food. Other foods include rattan beansMelon 、ginger、citrus、pineapple、longan、Mango、Coconut、Betel nutMost of them are operated by farms on the island, which are mainly mainland veterans, while Dawu people still mainly fish for their own consumption.
Almost everyone in Dawu is very talented in artistic singing and dancing. No matter men, women, old or young, they are good at singing and dancing. Every time a new house is completed or a fishing boat goes to sea, they will celebrate with singing and dancing.Every April and May, there is a so-called "flying fish season worship" on the island.When the flying fish fishing season is approaching, each tribe chooses a day to invite relatives and friends, prepare livestock and fruits, and hold a sacrifice on the beach.The worshippers, dressed in full clothes, sat on the ground in a circle, and the man who went out to sea to fish presided over their affairs. The older ones sat in the middle, facing the sea, and could not stop saying, "Come on, come on, come on, we welcome you." At this time, all the participants had to hold their breath, close their eyes and meditate, and sometimes echoed,The ceremony lasted more than two hours before it ended.
The fishing boats of Dawu people are all hand chiseled, and the process is quite difficult, so the launching ceremony is very grand.At that time, the guests were like a cloud, offering sacrifices to the gods first, and then throwing the boat. The owner of the boat stood on the boat. A group of young people in G-string pants lifted the boat high and flew all the way to the seaside. At the command, the boat was thrown into the sea with a "kick".
Islanders
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The minorities on the island areTao People, their ancestors andthe PhilippinesThere is an inseparable relationship between them.They are scattered all over the island and belong to 6 different villages, named Fisherman Village, Hongtou Village, Yeyou Village, Langdao Village, Dongqing Village and Yeyin Village. Each village lives in groups independently and has its elders and village heads in charge of all public affairs.
Among them, Langdao Village and Yeyin Villagers are located in remote places, and have little contact with people, so the folk custom is relatively strong;The two villages are not allowed to take photos at will, because they think it is harmful to their souls.In Yeyin Village, we can see the "underground houses" left by their ancestors, which originated from the settled life of Dawu people. The houses were built adjacent to each other, forming a cluster;The houses in the settlement are all backed by mountains and facing the sea. The houses are quite dense, and only a few paths can be left for passage.
Because of the high temperature all year round, traditionally, local men often wear bare upper body and G-string trousers, and drive canoes to hunt flying fish in the Pacific Ocean.The mysterious and unique customs and simple and primitive features make Lanyu known as "the last pure land in Taiwan".
As of 2008, Dawu has a population of more than 4000. Except for those who come to Taiwan for employment and education, about half of the population lives on the island. The appearance of several tribes is similar to that of coastal fishing villages on the mainland.Although many people no longer wear traditional thongs or live in semi underground houses, Dawu people are friendly, hospitable and happy, and have the same pure and simple character as this world.
Residential environment
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The living environment of each family is composed of three main buildings: the main house for sleeping and cooking, the working room for working and storage, and the balcony for cooling and watching the sea.Among them, the main house is built in a manually excavated depression, and the surrounding rocks form walls, making the whole house lower than the ground, which is the origin of the "underground house".Also, Lanyu Island can be called "Wind Island", which is one of the famous windy areas in the world;In summer, they are vulnerable to typhoons. In order to avoid wind disasters, Dawu people ingeniously designed this way of housing.Therefore, most of the "underground houses" in Lanyu have a history of 100 years, and they are warm in winter and cool in summer.
economic development
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Lanyu has undergone great changes in the past 50 years.The first is external transportation. Located in Kaiyuan Port on the northwest coast of the island, there is a new Lantau Ferry running Lantau Green Island TaiwanDonggangOne voyage a day, about 4-5 hours.There is a small airport located in the southwest of the island, which extends to TaipeiKaohsiungThe routes to Taitung, including Lanyu Taipei, run once a day, and there are irregular flights to Kaohsiung.There are 9 flights to Taitung, and the flight time is about 25 minutes.There is a 52 km roundabout road on the island. There are buses running around the island in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon.
fromLanyu AirportGo east along the road to Hongtou Village first. There are crescent shaped Dawu canoes with colorful patterns on the beach. They are bright and beautiful, forming a beautiful picture with blue sky and blue sea.
Continue to detour along the highway, passing through Zhongxing and Fuxing Farms.This is a farm where various crops are grown. Some fruit trees are strong and bright.Not far away, there is a dragon head rock shaped like a dragon head, facing Xiaolanyu Island in the sea.There is another rock very similar to Peking Man nearby. Under it is a flat grassland where herds of cattle play leisurely, which has a lot of Mongolian scenery.
Passing Dongqing Village, Valentine's Cave suddenly appeared in front of me.The round cave is warm in winter and cool in summer. There is a small pool in the cave.It's interesting to listen to the surging sea waves in the Lover's Cave and look at the boundless sea.
Dongqing Village and Langdao Village are two tribes with dense mountain population of Dawu nationality. Each family has three rooms. The main room is located underground, and the working room is relatively large. The working room is flat with the road surface. In addition, a balcony is built on the roadbed. The bamboo poles in front of the house are used to dry fish, and bundles of tobacco leaves are piled on the ground.The mountain people, regardless of age, smoke cigarettes, chew betel nuts, and some sleep soundly on the board of the pavilion.
Main attractions
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Lanyu is a volcanic island formed by submarine volcanic eruption, most of which area mountain countryOnly some coastal areas have relatively gentle flat land.The island is mostly surrounded by uplifted coral reefs, and the coastline is very tortuous.Due to the intense wave erosion, many sea erosion rocks, sea erosion caves, and huge rocks with strange shapes have been formed along the coast, which look like all kinds of animals and objects and are lifelike. Kaiyuan Port is the main gateway of Lanyu's external traffic, located in the Yeyou Village, and plays an important role.
On one side of the roundabout road are rolling hills and taro farmland, and on the other side are bushes, cliffs and the vast Pacific Ocean.The sea and the sky are blue, with lazy white clouds and fresh green in the middle. There are many road sections where no one can be seen. The island seems unchanged for thousands of years.
Redhead rock
Hongtouyan is located in a small park not far north of Kaiyuan Port. It is a hill stretching into the sea. The tail of the hill looks like a human head, and its eyes, mouth, nose and ears are very lifelike, so it is named "Yantou".Also, when the sunset shines, "rock head" is red, so it is also called "red head rock",
Tank rock
Tank Rock is a rock wonder near the coral reef shore. The whole rock is like a tank car, covered with green moss, and there are large holes in the rock. Lucky tourists can see the local cattle and sheep shuttle through it, which is very beautiful.
Yunv Rock
Yunv Rock is a hollow rock, also known asYin Yang StoneThe shape of the rock is very special. There is a huge hole in the middle with a small rock inside. It is strange and beautiful. It is called "Yunv Rock".
Double Lion Rock
Double Lion Rock is also called Double Lion Reclining. It is located on the beach between Dongqing and Langdao. From a distance, it looks like two lions lying face to face. It looks very funny.Shuangshiyan is a rock reef block in igneous terrain, which is not easily affected by the natural climate to change its shape.
Warship rock
The warship rock is formed by a series of coral reef rocks, which looks like two warships moored at sea.allegedlythe Second World WarAt that time, American planes mistook Japanese warships here for heavy bombing.After many years, the warship rock still stands on the sea, but the coral rock is full of holes, as if the weather beaten old man is reminding future generations to love peace.
Dongqing Bay
Dongqing Change, located on the bay line of Jiangqing Village, is the main fishing port of Lanyu Island and the peak for residents to catch fish.Under the soft sunshine, the sea water is clear blue, the fine sand is white, and the coral reefs are strangely shaped, setting off the harbor and its hinterland to be quiet, peaceful, beautiful and charming.
Longtou rock
Longtous Rock is located in the south of the Great Forest in Shandong Province. The scenery is very distinctive, especially the reef rock on the surface. It is very obvious that the dragon head is roaring at the sky.The most wonderful thing is that when the sunset shines on the faucet, the faucet will flash somewhere, just like the eyes of a dragon, which is amazing.
Traffic information
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Internal traffic
De'an is the only airline that operates flights between Taitung Lanyu and Taitung Green Island.Lanyu is located in the Pacific Ocean to the southeast of Taiwan's main island, 49 nautical miles away from Taitung County, where it belongs. External transportation depends on ships and aircraft, but when the weather is bad, neither of them can operate, and residents sometimes have to stay on an isolated island for seven or eight days.The captain of Feilanyu is the most dangerous occupation in the world, because there is often turbulence over the airport. If the plane encounters strong crosswind when landing, it will either hit the mountain or be blown into the sea.
Motorcycle is the most convenient means of transportation on the island.
Lanyu is not big, so you can rent a bike or a motorcycle to tour around the island.For bicycles, it is about 250 Taiwan dollars a day, and 200 Taiwan dollars a day for three days or more.Locomotive, about 350 Taiwan dollars a day.However, there are many gravels on the road, and the road for renting a car may be bumpy.
External traffic
Airplane: You can take a plane from Taitung City to Lanyu. The flight time is about half an hour, and the ticket price is about NT $1000.Make sure to book the ticket to Lanyu in advance, or you may not be able to buy the ticket.
Boat: There are two routes to Lanyu, one is from Taitung Fugang Wharf and the other is from Kenting Houbi Lake Wharf. The round-trip ticket is 2000 Taiwan dollars.It takes about 2.5 hours from Taitung or Kenting to Lantau Island.
festival activities
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Flying fish sacrifice
Dawu people and flying fish are closely related. Flying fish will come with the Kuroshio every March to July, bringing great harvest to Dawu people in Lanyu.Therefore, Dawu people believe that flying fish is a gift from God, and they especially cherish this natural resource. Even some laws and taboos in daily life are formulated with the ecology of flying fish migration.
Flying fish sacrificeIt is a fish hunting ceremony, which is held in February and March of the lunar calendar every year for nearly four months.The whole activity is divided into the stages of praying for abundant fish, inviting fish and flying fish collection.At the ceremony, Dawu men will wear thongs, silver helmets and gold plates and face the sea to pray for a bumper harvest of flying fish (women are not allowed to participate).
Jigsaw boat festival
The boat festival is a rare celebration in Lanyu. The big boat needs to be built by the old, middle-aged and young generations of a family in the settlement.The big boat is made of plywood. It is made of trees on Lantau Island. After processing according to the number of materials and types, it is not assembled with a single nail, so it is also called a plywood boat.It is not easy to make a jigsaw puzzle boat, and even more difficult to make a large jigsaw puzzle boat.During the big boat festival, the local strong and young aborigines will wear "G-string pants" and carry their own boats made in the settlement into the water, which is very spectacular.
