Croatian

Official language of Croatia

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Croatian Indo European — Slavic languages — Yugoslav branch , Yes Republic of Croatia Official language, and synlingual Serbian 、 Bosnian 、 Heishan dialect Interworking, formerly known as Serbian Croatian 。 After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the two were called separately and are now used in Croatia 、 Serbia 、 Montenegro 、 Bosnia and Herzegovina 、 Slovenia etc. Former Yugoslavia country.

Chinese name: Croatian
Foreign name: Hrvatski

Area: Balkan Peninsula
Language family: Indo European - Slavic family - Southern branch
Number of users: About 21 million

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▪ works and expressions for everyday use
▪ numeral

brief introduction

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Croatia Language in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Period and Serbian Collectively“ Serbian Croatian ”After the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian Croatian It is called Croatian and Serbian.

Croatian (5 sheets)

Croatian latin alphabet Additional symbols Thirty "Gay letters" designed for the foundation, including five vowel , twenty-two Consonant letter , and three double letters. Phoneme Corresponding to letters, there are also five vowel , twenty-five consonant 。 There is a segmental consonant - R. The rest are the same as Serbian 。

Croatia The standard language of "Yep" Sublingual Based on, but changed to“ Kay ”Dialect based trend. In addition, Bosnian We are further changing the words we use from Turkish 、 farsi and Arabic The Croatian language used by Bosnians will be turned into an independent language. stay Dalmatia Some people also advocate the establishment of a new dialect based on the "Qia" dialect Dalmatian 。 The process of language differentiation is now in progress.

Language family

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Croatia Hrvatski, used in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina 、 Serbia 、 Montenegro , and a few Austria and Slovenia 。 Language usage area is Central Europe and Balkan Peninsula 。 Number of users 6214643 (1995).

Croatian

Croatian is Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina The official language of. Language codes ISO639-1: hr, ISO639-2: scr (B) hrv (T), and ISO639-3: hrv.

Croatian

stay Yugoslavia During the period of the Communist government (1945-1990), Communist Party of Yugoslavia The government promotes "big Serbia Policy ", implementation Serbian Croatian The unification movement to consolidate the communist centralization and“ internationalism ”。 The result of this approach is that the Croatian language Serbian Different features, including different vocabulary and spelling, are suppressed. During this period, there was no dictionary in Croatian until 1985 Centralization Began to decline.

Serbian Croatian is Former Yugoslavia The official formulation of the times Yugoslavia The split between Serbia and Croatia Each restored its own language name. Today, no matter Serbia or Croatia, the existence of "Serbo Croatian" is not recognized by both the official and the folk of the two countries.

Croatian and Bosnian All have 30 letters. D ∨, Lj, Nj are a letter meter.

grammar

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Croatian

Croatian with Russian Like most other Slavic languages Inflectional Language , with very rich Inflection 。

There are three nouns in Sai Ke language Grammar Gender: positive, negative and neutral. The grammatical gender of nouns can usually be determined by the suffix. The principle of determination is similar to that of other Slavic languages: Consonant (consonant) Most of the names ending with vowel Most nouns ending in "a" are feminine, and those ending in vowel "e" or "o" are neutral. In addition to the gender of grammar, nouns are also divided into singular and complex Two forms. Nouns have nominative 、 Genitive ( possessive case ）, dative, directly qualified vocative , position grid and instrumental case Wait seven squares.

Similar to nouns, the adjectives in Sai Ke language also have three grammatical genders, seven cases, and singular and plural forms. In a sentence, adjectives must be consistent with the modified nouns in terms of grammatical gender, case and number form.

The verbs in Serbian are past tense There are seven tenses: present tense, future tense, precise future tense, indefinite past tense, indefinite incomplete tense and past perfect tense. There are three kinds of moods: narrative method, imperative method and conditional method. Like other Slavic languages, the verbs in the Serbian language are also divided into two tenses: complete and incomplete.

written words

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This language has been used in history Greek alphabet 、 Cyrillic alphabet 、 latin alphabet 、 Glagolitic alphabet 、 Arabic alphabet Writing. At present, only the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet writing systems are reserved.

stay Serbia Follow Bosnia and Herzegovina The language uses both Cyrillic and Latin letters, and both letters are officially recognized. But in Croatia , the language is written only in Latin letters, and the Cyrillic alphabet is not officially recognized.

The two alphabetic systems currently used in this language have a very high degree of correspondence with each other. Although the three letters "Њ", "Љ" and "Џ" in the Cyrillic alphabet Latin alphabet Compound letters are used in, but because the Latin alphabet regards these three compound letters as alphabet The Cyrillic alphabet and the Latin alphabet of the language are all one-to-one.

Language status

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Croatian

“ Serbian Croatian ”Yes Former Yugoslavia The official formulation of the times. along with Yugoslavia The split between Serbia and Croatia Each restored its own language name. Today, no matter Serbia or Croatia, neither the official nor the people of the two countries recognize the existence of "Serbo Croatian" or "Croatian Croatian - Serbian ”The exists of. They believe that Serbian and Croatian are two very similar but independent languages. So in Serbia This language is called Serbian (Српскик), while in Croatia it is called Croatian (Hrvatskijezik).

Apart from the restoration of the names in their own languages by Serbia and Croatia, Former Yugoslavia The era was once the place where the standard pronunciation of "Sai Ke language" was located Bosnia and Herzegovina They also claimed that the language they spoke was different from Serbian and Croatian, and claimed that their own language was“ Bosnian （Bosanskijezik）”。 And in Montenegro 21% also believe that their mother tongue name should be Heishan dialect , not Serbian 。

Example

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works and expressions for everyday use

English	Hrvatski (Croatian)
Welcome	Dobrodošli
Hello	Bok/Čao/Dobar Dan
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you?	Kako si?
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you?	Hvala, dobro. A ti?
Long time no see	Dugo se nismo vidjeli
What's your name? My name is ...	Kako se zoveš?
What's your name? My name is ...	Zovem se ...
Where are you from? I'm from ...	Odakle si?
Where are you from? I'm from ...	Ja sam iz ...
Pleased to meet you	Drago mi je
Good morning	Dobro jutro
Good afternoon	Dobar dan
Good evening	Dobra večer
Good night	Laku noć
Goodbye	Zbogom/Doviđenja
Good luck	Sretno
Cheers/Good health!	Živjeli!Uzdravlje!
Have a nice day	Lijep ti dan želim!
Bon appetit	Dobar tek!
Bon voyage	Sretan put!
I understand	Razumijem
I don't understand	Ne razumijem
Please speak more slowly	Možeš li pričati sporije?
Please write it down	Molim Vas, možete li mi to zapisati?
Do you speak Croatian? Yes, a little	Govoriš li hrvatski?
Do you speak Croatian? Yes, a little	Da, malo govorim hrvatski
How do you say ... in Croatian?	Kako se kaže .... na hrvatskom?
Excuse me	Oprostite!Ispričavam se!
How much is this?	Koliko je to?Koliko košta ovo?
Sorry	Žao mi je/Oprostite
Thank you Response	Hvala Hvala lijepa
Thank you Response	Nema na čemu
Where's the toilet?	Gdje je zahod?
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything	Ovaj će gospodin sve platiti
Would you like to dance with me?	Bi li htio plesati sa mnom?
I love you	Volim te
Get well soon	Ozdravi brzo!
Leave me alone!	Pustite me na miru!
Help! Fire! Stop!	U pomoć! Požar! Stop!
Call the police!	Pozovite policiju!
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year	Sretan Božić Sretna Nova godina
Happy Easter	Sretan Uskrs
Happy Birthday	Sretan rođendan
One language is never enough	Jedan jezik nikad nije dovoljan
My hovercraft is full of eels。	Moja je lebdjelica puna jegulja

numeral

number	Croatian
zero	nula
one	jedan
two	dva
three	tri
four	četiri
five	pet
six	šest
seven	sedam
eight	osam
nine	devet
ten	deset
eleven	jedanaest
twelve	dvanaest
thirteen	trinaest
fourteen	četrnaest
fifteen	petnaest
sixteen	šesnaest
seventeen	sedamnaest
eighteen	osamnaest
nineteen	devetnaest
twenty	dvadeset
thirty	trideset
forty	četrdeset
fifty	pedest
sixty	šezdeset
seventy	sedamdeset
eighty	osamdeset
ninety	devedeset
one hundred	sto
one thousand	tisuća

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