Bosporus StraitIstanbulThe strait is communicationBlack SeaandMarmara SeaA narrow waterway, andDardanelles StraitandMarmara SeaTogetherTurkish Straits (Also calledBlack Sea Strait）, and setturkeyA strait separating the Asian part from the European part (29 degrees zero east longitude, 41 degrees zero north latitude).The total length is 30 kilometers.The widest point of the north entrance is 3.7 kilometers.[1]
On February 24, 2022,UkraineAmbassador to TurkeyVassil Bodnar(Vasyl Bodnar) indicates thatturkeyThe side made a formal request that Turkey consider closing the Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait, ban the passage of Russian warships, and called on Turkey toRussiaThe aircraft shuts down itsairspace。[2]
On March 26, 2022, an object suspected of being a mine appeared in the waters of the Bosporus Strait, Turkey.According to Turkish media reports, the Bosporus Strait has been suspended.[3]
Bosporus Strait is also called Istanbul Strait.It connects the Black Sea to the north, the Marmara Sea to the south andmediterranean sea ，把turkeyDivide intoAsiaAnd Europe.
The total length of the strait is 30.4 kilometers, with the widest part of 3.6 kilometers, the narrowest part of 708 meters, the deepest part of 120 meters, and the shallowest part of 27.5 meters.[1]
Geographical overview
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Istanbul Strait photographed from the International Space Station
Black Sea StraitNorth section of.be locatedasia minor peninsula andBalkan PeninsulaBetween the Black Sea in the east and the WestMarmara SeaTurkey is separated into Asia and Europe by the Black Sea to the north and the Marmara Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.yesBlack Sea StraitEast section of.The strait is about 30 kilometers long, with narrow and winding channels.The widest part in the northeast is 3.7 kilometers, and the smallest part in the middle is only 747 meters.The water depth is 27.5-124m.On both sides of the strait are hard granite andgneissIt is not easy to erode, the bank wall is steep and the water flow is rapid.Same as Marmara SeaDardanelles StraitConnecting, becomingBlack Sea coastal countriesThe only access to the open sea.The sea current in the strait has two layers in different directions.The upper water (10-20m thick) flows from the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea, and the lower water flows from the Marmara Sea to the Black Sea.Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, is located on both sides of the central and southern section of the Strait. In 1973, the Bosporus Highway Bridge across the Strait was built, with a length of 1560 meters.
The total length of the strait is 30.4 kilometers, with the widest part of 3.6 kilometers, the narrowest part of 708 meters, the deepest part of 120 meters, and the shallowest part of 27.5 meters.
Traffic artery
The Bosporus Strait is a major communication link between Europe and Asia, and it is also the first gateway for countries bordering the Black Sea to go out to sea.Due to the trade and other exchanges between the two continentshuman civilizationThe development ofgeographical positionIt is of strategic significance.Pre5th centuryPersian Empire kingDarius IWhen he led his army to invade Europe westward, he built a floating bridge on the Bosporus Strait.Eastern Roman EmpireperiodcrusadeWhen I was here, I took a boat and went straight toJerusalem。
Climatic hydrology
Bosporus belongs toMediterranean climate。Average temperature: 0-5 ℃ in January, 20-25 ℃ in July.Annual precipitation600-800mm.The wind is mostly northerly.It is foggy from June to November.GorgeInternal seawaterThe communication phenomenon is obvious.Surface current, flowing from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, with a velocity of 4.3 knots and salinity of 18 ‰;Underflow, flowing from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea, with a flow rate of about 2 knots and salinity of 38 ‰.HourWith swirlCountercurrent affects navigation.The widest point of the north entrance to the sea is 3.7 kilometers, and the narrowest point between the two castles of Rumelihisari and Anadoluhisari is 750 meters.The midstream depth varies from 36.5-124m.In the middle of the strait, there is a torrent flowing from the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea, and under the water surface, there is a counter current that brings saline water from the Marmara Sea to the Black Sea.shoal of fishSeasonalityThe land flows between the Black Sea and the Marmara Sea with the current, makingfishery resourcesVery rich.
Marmara Sea, and translatedMamola SeaIt is the smallest sea in the world, with an area of 11350 square kilometers. The Marmara Sea connects the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait in the northeast, the Aegean Sea through the Dardanelles Strait in the southwest, and the rest of it is surrounded by Turkish territory. It is the only channel between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to the Black Sea Strait.
position
Istanbul Strait
Related History
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Origin of name
Rumeli Xisala Castle on the Bosporus Channel
Bosphorus is inGreek"Niudu" means "Niudu".legendancient GreekKing of godsZeus, once turned into a majestic god cow, carrying a beautiful princess on the earth, swam from this choppy channel to the other side.The strait got its name from this.
Historical evolution
In 1841 and 1871, Turkey successively formulated theManagement regulations。staythe First World WarDuring this period, Russia, Britain, France and other countries reached a secret deal: if they win the war, Constantinople, Bosphorus andDardanelles StraitA large area of land on both sides of the strait and the islands in the Marmara Sea between the two straits will belong toRussia。One of the exchange conditions is that British and French ships can freely cross the strait.1917 RussiaOctober Socialist RevolutionIn victory, Lenin announced the abrogation of this secret treaty.Today, the land sovereignty on both sides of the Taiwan Strait belongs to Turkey.The ships passing through the strait, according to the 1936SwitzerlandThe provisions of the Convention on the Strait Regime signed by Montero are applicable.At the narrowest point at the southern end of the strait, the world's fourth largest suspension bridge and the largest suspension bridge in Europe flyBosporus Strait Bridge。It is magnificent, spanningWest Coast of the StraitAltakoy and Beililer on the east bank connect Europe and Asia.The bridge was started in 1970 and completed in 1973.Whole BlockBridge length1560 meters, 33 meters wide bridge deck, can parallel 6 cars at the same time,bridge structure64m above the water surface, 1074m across the water surface, both endsApproach bridge255 meters and 231 meters respectively.At both ends of the bridge, there is a gate shapedbridge tower, located on the east bank, weighing 50000 tons, the west bank, 60000 tonsTractive forceUp to 15400 tons.There is no pier in the water of the bridge. The whole bridge body is pulled by two huge steel cables, which support the whole bridge deck. Each steel cable is twisted by 11300 5mm steel wires.The whole bridge is like a rainbow flying across the Taiwan StraitEurasianThe communication and transportation between the two continents facilitate the communication between the people of the two continents.In the middle of the Bosporus StraitBlack SeaThe torrent flowing to the Marmara Sea hasMarmara SeaThe countercurrent flowing back to the Black Sea.
Regime change
Istanbul Strait
Bosphorus means "the place where cattle wade". It is said that there were legendary figuresIran Russia(Io), incarnate as a heifer roaming acrossThraceGuobosprus Strait.Given the importance of the Straitstrategic role, in order to defend Constantinople (now Istanbul) at the southern end of the strait,ByzantiumThe Emperors and LaterOttoman EmpireSultans have built many castles along both sides of the Taiwan Strait, especially on the European sideRepresentativenessThe two castles of Anado Lufeneri Xizal and Rumeli;The former is located in the straitAsiaOne side of the coast isBayazit I(Bayezid I) built in 1390-1391;The latter is just opposite the strait and was built by Mehmed II in 1453.Due to the growing influence of European powers in the 19th century, regulations on the management of merchant ships and warships passing through the Straits were successively formulated in 1841 and 1871.In World War I, after the defeat of the Ottoman Empirecontrol powerIt was taken over by an international committee and returned to Turkey in 1936.Two bridges across the Bosporus Strait were built in 1973 (Bosporus I, with a main span of 1074m) and 1988 (Bosporus II, with a main span of 1090m) respectively.
Related literature
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Myth and legend
Like other scenic spots, Bosporus Strait also has beautiful myths and legends.According to legend, Zeus, the head of the gods, had a lover named Io, in order toHeraConcealing this, he turned Io into a cow.Later, Hera learned about it.She became aBullflyTo harass Io who became a cow, Io crossed a water wall in order to avoid the flies.stayAncient GreekIn, "bous" means "cow", "phoros" means "water wall", and the mythical water wall is the Bosporus Strait.
Straits in Literature
"What is the recess under the woman's neck called? In the front. Here. What is that called? Does it have a formal name? Is that recess as big as your thumb?" - In the novel "English Patient", the hero Olmashi is attracted by the recess under the heroine Catherine's neck.He remembered that under the rose shelf, Catherine took his hand and put it in the recess under her neck.But Olmachi could not figure out what the name of that part was, so he named it "Bosporus Strait". Later, someone told him that his scientific name should be“sternumUpward concave ".In the novel, the hero names it, and the most attractive place is often the most dangerous place by means of the Bosporus Strait, which is strategically important.
Traffic information
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Take T1 to Eminunu Station
Strait scenery
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Strait of Bosporus
Both sides belong to Eurasia, but the scenery is very similar.Grassland and trees are green;High buildings, small houses, little vermilion.Imperium RomanumThe majestic palace left by the Ottoman Empire stands beside the water, and the ruins of the castle stand on the shore.In the middle of the strait, there are two ancient castles on both sides of the strait in the 14th and 15th centuries, which stand like a pair of powerful lions.The natural scenery and historic sites of the Strait are reflected in each other, and the Bosporus Strait has becometurkeyIs famousTourist attractionsone of.In this building, surrounded by waterIstanbulFerry used to be the main means of transportation for people, so it is a great pleasure to visit Bosporus Strait by boat. Tourists usually get on the boat from Hilkekee Pier. When they cross the Strait, they can enjoy the scenery on the west bank and carefully taste the wonders of this famous city.Take a cruise ship to enter the Bosporus Strait, and the beautiful scenery on both sides is like a picture.There are all kinds of yachts of different sizes docked on the shore, and occasionally there are giant ships docked.The hills on the bank rise and fall, and the buildings with different styles are scattered among the green trees.There are summer palaces in the Byzantine period, castles in the Ottoman Empire, and countlessPrivate villa。Some palaces are now museums, and some have been transformed into the best in Istanbulfivestar hotelPresidents of various countries also often stay here.In the jungle near the sea, there are cafes, bars, teahouses, restaurants and hotels of all sizes. It is an ideal place for people to spend summer, spend holidays and take a walk.In view of the important strategic position of the Strait, in order to defend Constantinople (today's Istanbul), which crosses the southern end of the Strait, the Byzantine emperors and the later Ottoman sultans built many castles along both sides of the Strait, especially on the European side. The most representative castles are Anador Lufeneri and Rumehisal;The former is located on the coast of the Asian side of the straitBayazit I(BayezidI) was built in 1390-1391;The latter is just opposite the straitMehmed II (Mehmed II) was built in 1453.
Across the Straits
The Bosporus Strait divides Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, into two partsHistoric cityScenery of Istanbul.Istanbul was built 660 years ago. At that time, the Greeks built a city near the mountain in what is now the "palace nose", namedByzantium。324, Roman EmpireConstantine the Great The capital was moved here from Rome, and it was rebuilt. It was renamed Constantinople, also known as New Rome.395 yearsThe split of the Roman EmpireLater, becomeEastern Roman EmpireCapital.Istanbul is Turkey's largestIndustrial transportation, trade and cultural centers.50% of the country's imports and 15% of its exports go through the city.The city'sIndustrial capital. The number of workers and output account for 50% of the country,GDPIt accounts for 51.5% of the whole country.Industries mainly include textile, food, cement, tobaccoShip repairEtc.nearbyCultivated land areaLess, but the agriculture is developed, and the crops mainly include wheatoats, barley andbeet。In addition, fisheriesAnimal Husbandry、HorticultureIt is also relatively developed.Istanbul is a hub connecting Europe and Asia, with roads and railways extending in all directions.The Bosporus Strait Bridge completed in 1973 connected the two parts of Europe and Asia of the city.In 1998, the second strait bridge was completed.Ataturk Airport is the largest airport in Turkeyinternational airport, large scale, can take off and land all kinds of largeJet aircraft, which is still under expansion.IstanbulMany places of interest and Islamic temples.The most famous ones areTopkapi Palace Museum, Mahtse Palace in Dorba, Sultan Ahmetmosque, Ayasofeia Museum, etc.University hasIstanbul University Istanbul University of Technology, Straits University and other institutions of higher learning.
Strait Bridge
Istanbul is located on both sides of the Bosporus Strait.The narrow strait divides the city in two: the west coast of the strait belongs to Europe, and the east coast belongs to Asia.Between the two sides, a 1560 meter long modern cable suspension bridge dominates the sea.Built in 1973, it is the largest suspension bridge in Europe and the fourth largest suspension bridge in the world.Six vehicles can be parallel on the bridge, and 100000 vehicles can pass the bridge every day.In the middle of the bridge, a white line is conspicuously drawn, which marks the boundary between Europe and Asia.All tourists who come to Istanbul want to take a bus to cross the bridge and see thisDividing line, experience itIntercontinental travelOf fun.In 1988, the second Bosporus Strait Bridge was built 8 nautical miles away from the bridge, which is more convenient for people's exchanges between Europe and Asia.
