Man made fiber isChemical fibreOne of them is naturalpolymerIt is made of raw materials through chemical treatment and mechanical processingChemical fibre。According to the shape and use of man-made fibers, they are divided into rayon, rayon and artificial wool.Important varieties includeViscose fibre、acetate fibre、Cuprammonia fibreEtc.[1]
Chinese name
man-made fiber[2]
Discoverer
Chardonnay[3]
Category
Viscose fiber, acetate fiber, cuprammonia fiber and regenerated protein fiber[2]
Purpose
Rayon, rayon, rayon, etc[1]
Raw materials
Wood, cotton linter, etc[2]
Features
Good hygroscopicity, air permeability, dyeability, etc[2]
Man made fiber is made from naturalpolymerIt is made of raw materials through chemical treatment and mechanical processingChemical fibre。Artificial fibers generally haveNatural fiberSimilar performance, good moisture absorption, permeability and dyeing, soft hand feel, rich luster, is an important textile material.[2]
find
Announce
edit
In 1884, the famous French chemist CharlesNitrocellulosePutalcoholandEtherIn 1891, it began mass production of slender and beautiful rayon.[3]
In 1890, German Brenner and Freme made cuprammonia rayon by dissolving cellulose in cuprammonia solution, and obtained an invention patent.[3]
In 1891, British Cruise and Bevan used strong alkali andcarbon disulfideAfter decomposition, the viscose rayon was made by dehydration spinning under the action of centrifugal force in the spinning box.It is safe and cheap, and soon became popular. It is the most widely used method to produce man-made fibers.[3]
News report: "Ice Silk" is not so magical. Its raw material comes from our most common man-made fiber——Viscose fibre。In brief, viscose fiber is made from various natural fibers, such as cotton, wood, etc., after reprocessing, which belongs to artificial natural fiber.[4]
Classification and fiber characteristics
Announce
edit
man-made fiberAccording to chemical composition, it can be divided into:Regenerated cellulose fiber、Cellulose ester fibre、Regenerated protein fiberThree types.Regenerated cellulose fiber is made bycelluloseAgricultural and forestry products, such as woodCotton linterThe chemical composition of the fiber is the same as that of the raw material, but the physical structure changes.Cellulose ester fibercelluloseAs raw materialesterificationThe chemical composition of the post spun fiber is different from that of the raw material.The raw materials of regenerated protein fiber are corn, soybean, peanut, cow milk casein and other proteins.Here are some main man-made fibers.[2]
(1) Viscose fibre[2]
Viscose fibreIt started industrial production in 1905 and is the earliest developed chemical fiber.Due to the easy availability, low cost and wide application of raw materials, they still play an important role in the production of chemical fibers.[2]
Viscose fiber is made from wood, cotton linter, bagasse and reedWet spinningMade of.The basic chemical composition of viscose fiber is the same as that of cotton fiber, so some properties are similar to that of cotton, such as hygroscopicity and permeability, dyeability and textile additive properties.But because of the macromolecular chain of viscose fiberDegree of polymerizationLower than cotton fiber, molecularOrientation degreeIt is smaller, and the arrangement between molecular chains is not as close as that of cotton fiber, so some properties are worse than that of cotton fiber. For example, the dry strength is closer to that of cotton fiber, while the wet strength is far lower than that of cotton fiber.In addition, viscose fibershrinkageLarger, up to 10%.At the same time, since the viscose fiber swells after absorbing water, the viscose fiber fabric becomes hard in water.In addition, the elasticity, abrasion resistance and alkali resistance of viscose fiber are poor.[2]
Viscose fiber can be pure spun, or mixed with natural fiber or other chemical fibersblending。Viscose fiber is widely used. Viscose filament, also known as rayon, can be woven into various smooth and soft silk fabrics.Wool type staple fiber, commonly known as artificial wool, is an indispensable raw material for wool mills.Cotton viscose staple fiber, commonly known as artificial cotton, can be woven into various colorful artificial cotton cloth, which is suitable for underwear, coat and various decorative fabrics.[2]
A new type of viscose fiber developed in recent years, high wet modulus viscose fiber, is calledStrong fibre。Its macromolecules have high orientation and uniform structure.In terms of fastness, washability, wrinkle resistance and shape stability, it is closer to high-quality cotton.Viscose tenacity yarn has high strength and is suitable for tire cord.[2]
Cuprammonium fibreIt is a kind of regenerated cellulose fiber which is spun from purified cellulose dissolved in copper ammonium solution.Like viscose fiber, the purified "pulp" with high α - cellulose content is generally used as raw material, which is dissolved in cuprammonia solution to produce a spinning solution with high concentration and is spun by solution method.Pressed into pure water or dilute acid from the thin mouth of the spinneretCoagulation bathIn the process of high tension (about 400 times), the fibers are gradually solidified to form fibers.It can be made into very thin monofilament.[2]
Cuprammonium fiber is similar to silk in appearance, feel and softness. It is flexible, elastic and excellentDrapability。Other properties are similar to viscose fiber.The fiber section is circular.General cuprammonium fiber spinning long fiber, especially suitable for deformationSlub silk, spun into thick knotted silk much like silk.The cuprammonium fiber is suitable for weaving fabrics as thin as cicadas andKnitted underwear, comfortable to wear.[2]
(4) Regenerated protein fiber[2]
Regenerated protein fiberabbreviationProtein fibre, using animals orVegetable proteinIt is made of raw materials.The main varieties are casein fiber, soybean protein fiber, corn protein fiber and peanut protein fiber.Its physical and chemical properties are similar to wool, and its dyeing performance is very good.But the general strength is lower, and the wet strength is worse, so it is not widely used.Usually cut into short fibers.It can be pure or blended with wool, viscose fiber and nylon staple fiber.[2]
Curing method
Announce
edit
Rayon, artificial cotton,Artificial woolAll are made of viscose fiber, which is bright in color, soft in texture, but poor in wear resistance.If properly maintained, its service life can be extended.[5]
1. Artificial cotton has a large shrinking rate, so it should shrink before making clothes;[5]
2. Fine needle shall be used for sewing needle, and fine thread shall be used for sewing thread;[5]
3. Washboard and high-power washing machine shall not be used for washing;[5]
4. Sun in a cool and ventilated place, not in the sun;[5]
5. It is suggested that water should be sprayed when ironing. When ironing is half wet and half dry, the temperature should not be high. Do not pull hard on the opposite side of ironing to prevent deformation.[5]
