During the War of Liberation, one of the main forces of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, that is, the "Zhongye" in the minds of the soldiers, was called the Central Plains Field Army in full when the central government did not change its designation before January 15, 1949, and later changed its name to the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.It was founded during the Anti Japanese WarShanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Border RegionBased on the Eighth Route Army and local troops, it has gradually developed.According to the Central Military Commission of the CPCField armyIn the winter of 1945, the Eighth Route Army in the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Border Region was reorganized intoShanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military RegionLiu Bocheng is the commander of the field army, Deng Xiaoping is the political commissar, and has jurisdiction over the second, third, fourth, sixth and seventh columns.At the end of June 1946, the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field Army was formed by the third, sixth and seventh columns of the field army of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region and the main force of the Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region.
In May 1948, it was renamed the Central Plains Field Army, with Liu Bocheng as commander and Deng Xiaoping as political commissar.In February 1949, the Central Plains Field Army was organized as the second field army, with the third, fourth and fifth corps under its jurisdiction.The Third Corps governs the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth Armies;The Fourth Corps governs the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Armies;The Fifth Corps governs the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Armies.
After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the field troops of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region successively achievedShangdang、Battle of HandanVictory;From July 1946 to May 1947,Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field ArmyWe have also broken through Longhai Road and DingtaoJuancheng、Jinnan、North HenanWait for victory in the battle;From June 30, 1947 to October 1948Southwest Shandong CampaignVictory, thenMarch into the Dabie Mountains, march into western Henan, closely coordinate with the North China Field Army, and gallopYangtze RiverHuaihe River, Yellow RiverHanshuiIn the vast areas between, a large number of Kuomintang troops were wiped out;November 1948~January 1949, andEast China Field ArmyWith 660000 troops and 400000 local armed forcesHuaihai CampaignThe great victory of the Communist Party of China basically liberated the Central Plains and East China to the north of the Yangtze River.
In April 1949, the Second Field Army andThe Third Field Army、Fourth Field Army Jointly launchedRiver Crossing Campaign, breaking through the westHukou, east toJiangyinThe Kuomintang's Yangtze River defense line liberated Nanchang and other cities and the vast areas of Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian.From November 1949 to April 1950, under the coordination of the main forces of the First and Fourth Field ArmiesSouthwest Campaign, liberatedSichuan、Guizhou、Yunnan、Xikang；Later, a part of the main force was transferred to marchTibetAnd promoted the peaceful liberation of Tibet.During the War of Liberation, the Second Field Army wiped out more than 2 million Kuomintang troops, including more than 1.6 million defectors and prisoners.In the battle, the officers and soldiers of the Second Field Army sacrificed more than 37000 people, including 200 cadres above the regiment level.He has made great contributions to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people.
The whole process of establishment
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When the Anti Japanese War turned into a major counter offensive, in order to finally eliminate the Japanese aggressors and their lackeys and stop the civil war crisis, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a directive on August 11, 1945, requiring all strategic areas to form "ultra local regular corps".On August 20, the Central Military Commission decided that each strategic area should quickly draw out half or three fifths of the existing forces to form a field corps to meet the needs of the development of the situation and realize the transformation from guerrilla warfare toMobile warfareChange.
In the spirit of this instruction,one of the Ten Great Marshals、Deng XiaopingComrade OrderTaihang Military Region、Taiyue Military Region、South Hebei Military RegionandHebei-Shandong-Henan Military AreaThe Eighth Route Army, consisting of 10 to 30 thousand troops, formed a field corps.At the same time, the CPC Central Committee decided to establishShanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military RegionLiu Bocheng as commander and Deng Xiaoping as commanderPolitical commissar，Teng DaiyuanWang Hongkun is the deputy commander,Bo YiboHe is a deputy political member, Zhang Jichun is a deputy political member and director of the Political Department, Li Da is the chief of staff, and Wang Xinting is the deputy director of the Political Department.The military region governs four secondary military regions, namely, Jiluyu, Jinan, Taihang and Taiyue, and the 17th Division of the 38th Kuomintang Army, which has just been uprising, with a total of more than 290000 people.
On October 7, the main force of the Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region was formed into the first column (governing the first, second and third brigades),Yang DezhiServe as commander,Su ZhenhuaServe as a political member;The South Hebei Column was changed to the 2nd Column (governing the 4th, 5th and 6th Brigades),Chen ZaidaoServe as commander,Song RenqianServe as a political member;The Taihang Column was changed to the 3rd Column (covering the 7th, 8th and 9th Brigades),Chen XilianAs commander, Peng Tao as political member;Taiyue Column was changed to the 4th Column (covering the 10th, 11th and 13th Brigades), with Chen Geng as the commander,Xie FuzhiServe as a political member.At the same time, the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region formed a framework of 25 regiments, which were transferred to the northeast.
On November 10, 1945, the first column arrived on the way to northeast under the order of the Central Military CommissionShanxi Chahar Hebei Military RegionLater, due to changes in the situation, the military region was left to undertake combat tasks.
stayBattle of HandanThe newly formed 8th Army of the Kuomintang during the uprising was renamed the Democratic National Army, and Gao Shuxun was the Commander in Chief, joining the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region.
In the middle of November, the main force of the Taihang Military Region formed the 6th column (the 16th, 17th and 18th brigades), Wang Hongkun was also the commander (laterWang JinshanActing commander),Duan JunyiServe as a political member;The 7th column (the 19th, 20th and 21st brigades) is composed of the main force of the Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region, and Yang Yong is the commander,Zhang LinzhiServe as a political member.At the same time, the Central Military Commission planned to transfer the 4th column (excluding the 11th brigade) to the northeast to form the 8th column (covering the 22nd brigade renamed from the 11th brigade, the 23rd brigade newly established, and the 24th brigade renamed from the independent brigade of the military region),Xie FuzhiServe as commander,Wang HefengServe as a political member.
At the beginning of December, the Central Military Commission decided that the fourth column would not go to the northeast and would remain in the Taiyue Military Region.Later, the fourth column merged with the eighth column (excluding the 24th brigade), which was called the fourth column (still governing the 10th, 11th, 13th and 23rd brigades). Chen Geng was the commander, and Xie Fuzhi was the political commissar.The 24th Brigade was changed to the independent brigade of Taiyue Military Region.
At that time, the main person in charge of the secondary military commands was the commander of the Hebei Shandong Henan military commandWang BingzhangPolitical membersZhang Fu；Commander of South Hebei Military RegionDu YidePolitical membersLi Jingyu；Commander of Taihang Military RegionQin JiweiLi Xuefeng, Political Commissar;Commander of Taiyue Military RegionWang XintingPolitical membersNie Zhen。
On May 15, 1946, the Deputy Commander of the 38th Army of the KuomintangKong CongzhouHe led the 55th Division to revolt in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and later joined the 17th Division. He was named the 38th Army of the Northwest Democratic Allied Army, and Kong Congzhou was the commander,Wang FengHe is a political member.
By mid June 1946,Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military RegionIn addition to downsizing, restructuring and redeployment to other areas, there are still five field army columns, with a total of 270000 local troops.
Since the autumn of 1945, the regular corps and local forces of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region have launched a major counter attack against the Japanese aggressors, and at the same time, they have resolutely responded to the invasion of the Kuomintang army. They have successively wiped out 13 divisions of the Kuomintang invasion army in the Shangdang areaHandanDestroy two Kuomintang armies that committed crimes along the north of Pinghan Road, and strive for an uprising of one army.These two battles have hitChiang Kai shekThe momentum of civil war has safeguarded the fruits of the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan and played an important role in striving for peace and democracy and supporting the development of our army in Northeast China.
After the Kuomintang signed an armistice agreement with our party,Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military RegionIn addition to resolutely implementing and maintaining the armistice agreement, the troops repelled the enemy against usliberated areaIn addition to nibbling and sneaking attacks, the troops launched a large-scalemass movement for trainingAnd actively participated in the local rent and interest reduction and production movement, making full preparations for the Kuomintang to launch a full-scale civil war.
In June 1946, with the support of American imperialism, the Kuomintang army launched a comprehensive attack on the liberated areas.The Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military Region is in the center of the southern line of the liberated area. In addition to crushing the enemy's attack on the region, it also undertakes the important task of strategic cooperation and coordination with the Central Plains, the Left and East China, and the Right and Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia armies.Accordingly, on June 27, the military region formed a field army with the 3rd, 6th and 7th columns (the 2nd column was added later) and the main force of the Hebei Shandong Henan military region. Led by Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping and others, the military region undertook the combat mission in the east of Henan.Then, on July 14, the field army headquarters was formedHandanThey went to the front line of Hebei, Shandong and Henan to command the battle.Teng Daiyuan and Bo Yibo are responsible for the work of the military region.
Between July and October 1946,Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field ArmyUnder the command of Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping, continuous efforts were made to attack Longhai, DingtaoJuyeThe victories in the Hejuan (Chengnan) and other campaigns dealt a heavy blow to the enemy.
At the same time, the 4th Column led by Chen Geng and the troops of Taiyue Military RegionJinnanIn the mobile warfare, we won successively the battles of Wen (Xi) Xia (County), Tongpu and Lin (Fen) Fu (Mountain).The local armed forces of the military region rely on the masses of the people to carry out guerrilla warfare and effectively cooperate with the field army.From November 1946 to February 1947, with the cooperation of the Shanxi Suiyuan Army, the 4th Column obtainedLvliangThe victory of Fen (Yang) Xiaoyi Campaign;The main force of the field army has achievedHuaxian County, Ju (Ye) Jin (Xiang) Yu (Tai) and other battles.From March to May 1947, in order to smash the enemy'sattack against key sectorsThe field army carried out strategic counter offensives in southern Shanxi and northern Henan, annihilated more than 60000 enemy troops, conquered more than 30 cities, and created favorable conditions for turning to strategic offensive.
During this period, in order to establish a strategic mobility hub, on December 12, 1946, the Hebei Shandong Henan Military RegionShuidong Army Sub districtEtcHenan Anhui Soviet Military Region，Zhang GuohuaServe as commander,Wu ZhipuServe as a political member.On December 20 of the same year, the first column wasShanxi Chahar Hebei Military RegionReturn to construction.On March 16, 1947, the first column and the seventh column were merged into the first columnYang YongServe as commander,Su ZhenhuaServe as a political member.[8]
On May 4, 1947, the Central Committee instructed Liu Dengjun to immediately start recuperation. The recuperation was completed before the end of the east, and after the end of the east, he left alone through Hebei, Shandong and Henancentral plainsTaking the Henan Anhui Jiangsu Border Region and the Hebei Shandong Henan Border Region as the base area, taking the north of the Yangtze River, the south of the Yellow River, the east of Tongguan and Nanyang lines, and the west of Jinpu Road as the mobile areas, or attacking Zheng and Han, or Bian and Xu, or Funiu Mountain, or Dabie Mountain, they can adjust measures to the circumstances of the time, move back and forth, and closely cooperate with Chen Su. Chen Su's army is under the command of Liu Deng wherever there is a joint battle.[4]
By June 1947,Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Military RegionThe number of troops has grown to 420000, of which the field army consists of five columns. The construction of artillery and engineering forces has further developed, and the number of independent brigades under the jurisdiction of the secondary military regions has reached 10.
In accordance with the strategic policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on leading the war to the Kuomintang ruled areas, on June 10, 1947, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th columns led by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping formed the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Southern Expedition Field Army (also known asLiu Deng's army）, execute push forwardcentral plainsThe strategic task of creating the Dabie Mountain base area.On the evening of June 30, more than 120000 people from four columns of Liu Deng Field Army launched theSouthwest Shandong CampaignWe wiped out more than 60000 people from four divisions and nine half brigades, marking the beginning of the strategic offensive.
On July 2, 1947,CPC Central Bureau of Shanxi Hebei Shandong HenanHe and the military region decided to form the 8th column (governing the newly formed 22nd, 24th and 23rd brigades) with the main forces of Taiyue, Taihang, Jinan, and Jiluyu military regions and the former Central Plains Military Region Force I (the former 5th Division), and Wang Xinting was the commander;The 9th column (the 25th, 26th and 27th Brigades) is commanded by Qin JiweiHuangzhenServe as a political member;The 10th column (covering the 28th, 29th and 30th Brigades) is composed of Wang Hongkun as commanderLiu ZhijianServe as a political member;The 11th column (covering the 31st, 32nd and 33rd brigades) is composed of Wang Bingzhang as commander and Zhang Linzhi as political member;The 12th column (covering the 34th and 35th brigades) is composed ofZhao JimeiServe as commanderWen JianwuServe as a political member.
On July 27, 1947, the Central Military Commission decided to form a group with Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi's column, Qin Jiwei, Huang Zhen's column, Kong Congzhou, and Wang Fengzhi's 38th army. Under the command of Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi, they would march into western Henan to create the Henan Hubei Shaanxi base area to help our army break through Shaanxi Gansu NingxiaHu ZongnanAnd cooperate with Liu and Deng's army to "attack on a large scale and manage the Central Plains".
After Liu and Deng's army had crossed the Yellow River, they arrived successfully under the cover of the East China Field Army's Outer Front Corps and the 11th ColumnDabie MountainDistrict, quickly complete the strategic launch.At the same time,Chen XieGroup (including the 22nd Brigade of the 8th Column)JinnanForcing the Yellow River into western Henan.Later, with the advance into Henan, Anhui and JiangsuChen YiSu Yu's headquarters worked together to create the Central Plains Liberated Area, which effectively cooperated with our army in turning to strategic offensive in other battlefields.By the end of November 1947, the 12th and 10th columns had entered the Dabie Mountains and joined the main force of Liu and Deng.After half a year of fighting, Liu Deng and Chen Xie's armies wiped out nearly 150000 enemy troops, creating Hubei Henan, West Anhui, JianghanTung cypressAnd 5 military regions in Henan, Shaanxi and Hubei, as well as 31 military sub regions and democratic regimes at all levels.At this time, the 10th and 12th columns, the 1st 12th, 19th, 25th and 28th brigades, the 17th and 55th divisions of the 38th army and other field forces are the backbone forces of the new military region and military sub region respectively.
In order to meet the needs of the development of the situation of the War of Liberation, strengthen centralized and unified leadership, and further expand the scale of operations, the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission instructed the reconstruction of the Central Plains Military Region on May 9, 1948, and renamed the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field Corps the Central Plains Field Army.Liu Bocheng is the commander of the Central Plains Military Region, Deng Xiaoping is the political member, and Chen Yi is the first deputy commander (still the commander and political member of the East China Field Army),Li XiannianHe served as Deputy Commander, Deng Zihui as Deputy Political Committee Member, Zhang Jichun as Deputy Political Committee Member and Director of the Political Department, and Li Da as Chief of Staff.
Central Plains Military RegionHenan Anhui Soviet Military Region(There are 8 military subdivisions and 1 independent brigade), Zhang Guohua as commander and Wu Zhipu as political commissar;Hubei Henan Military Region(There are five military divisions), Wang Shusheng is the commander,Duan JunyiServe as a political member;West Anhui Military Region(There are three military divisions),Zeng ShaoshanServe as commander, Peng Tao is also a political member;Western Henan Military Region(It is composed of the 38th Army Direct and the 4th Column Rear Headquarters, with 6 military subdivisions),Li ChengfangActing commander, Zhang Xi and political commissar;Tongbai Military Region(There are three military divisions and the 28th Brigade), Wang Hongkun is the commander, and Liu Zhijian is the political commissar;Jianghan Military Region(There are 3 military divisions and 1 independent brigade),Zhang CaiqianServe as commander,Liu JianxunServe as a political member;South Shaanxi Military Region(There are two military divisions, the 12th Brigade and the 17th Division),Liu JinxuanHe is the commander and Wang Feng is the political member.
The Central Plains Field Army has seven columns: the first column (covering the 1st, 2nd and 20th brigades), Yang Yong as commander, and Su Zhenhua as political commissar;The second column (the fourth and sixth brigades), Chen Zaidao as commander,Wang WeigangServe as a political member;The third column (the 7th, 8th and 9th Brigades),Chen XilianServe as commander and Peng Tao as political member;The fourth column (the 10th, 11th, 13th and 22nd Brigades), Chen Geng as commander, Xie Fuzhi as political commissar;The 6th column (the 16th, 17th and 18th brigades), Wang Jinshan as commander,Du YideServe as a political member;The 9th column (the 26th and 27th brigades), Qin Jiwei as commander and Huang Zhen as political commissar;The 11th column (covering the 31st, 32nd and 33rd brigades), Wang Bingzhang as commander and Zhang Linzhi as political commissar.
Before and after the formation of the Central Plains Field Army, it cooperated with the main forces of the East China Field Army and successively carried out LuoyangWanxi, Wandong, YudongXiangfanSuch campaigns weakened the effective strength of the enemy in the Central Plains, creating conditions for our army to further carry out the war situation in the Central Plains and East China, and to wipe out the enemy's main force north of the Yangtze River.
In late October 1948, the main force of the Central Plains Field Army was liberatedZhengzhouandKaifengLater, from November to January of the next year, under the leadership of the Central Military Commission and the General Front Committee, together with the East China Field Army, the world-famous Huaihai Campaign was carried out to wipe out the Kuomintang armyLiu ZhiThe group has more than 555000 people, liberating Huaihai region.
On February 5, 1949, the Central Plains Field Army was renamed the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in accordance with the order of the Central Military Commission on unifying the whole army organization and troop designation. Liu Bocheng was the commander, Deng Xiaoping was the political member, Zhang Jichun was the deputy political member and director of the Political Department, and Li Da was the chief of staff.The field army governs the 3rd, 4th and 5th corps, with 9 armies in total.
Chen Xilian, commander of the 3rd Corps, and Xie Fuzhi, political commissar, have jurisdiction over the 10th Corps (Du Yide, deputy commander of the Corps, concurrently serves as military commander, Wang Weigang serves as political commissar), the 11th Corps (Zeng Shaoshan serves as military commanderBao XianzhiAs a political member), the 12th Army (Wang Jinshan, deputy commander of the Corps, is also the military commander and political member).
Chen Geng, commander and political commissar of the 4th Corps, governs the 13th Army（Zhou XihanRen JunchangLiu YouguangPolitical Committee), the 14th Army（Li ChengfangRen JunchangLei RongtianAs a political member), the 15th Army (Qin Jiwei as commanderGu JingshengAs a political member).
Yang Yong, commander of the 5th Corps, Su Zhenhua, political commissar, governs the 16th Army (Yin Xianbing is the commanderWang HuiqiuAs a political member), the 17th Army (Wang Bingzhang as a military commander, Zhao Jianmin as a political member), the 18th Army (Zhang Guohua as a military commanderTan GuansanAs a political member).
The special forces column of the field army was established, with Li Da, the chief of staff of the field army, serving as the commander and political commissar. The logistics leading organization and troops of the field army were expanded, with Duan Junyi serving as the logistics commander and political commissar.After reorganization, the total strength of the Second Field Army reached more than 280000.
On April 20, 1949, the Second Field Army, in accordance with the order of the Central Military Commission, launched side by side with the Third Field ArmyRiver Crossing Campaign。At dusk on April 21, the second field army from Ma Dang andGuichiBreak through the enemy's defense line along the Yangtze River and seize the victory to pursue and annihilate the fleeing enemy.By May 6, the Zhejiang Jiangxi line, the enemy's main artery in the southeast, had been cut off, the vast areas of southern Anhui and the Fujian Zhejiang Jiangxi border area had been liberated, and the takeover had taken placeNanjing、NanchangAnd so on.According to the instruction of the Central Military Commission on marching into South China and Southwest China, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping issued the "Basic Order for the Battle in Sichuan and Guizhou" on August 19.On October 2, the Fourth Corps of the Second Field Army and the Fifteenth Corps of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army launchedGuangdong Campaign, liberationGuangdong ProvinceOn October 26, the Fourth Corps of the Second Field Army won the battle of encirclement and annihilation of Yangjiang.[9]In November, the main force of the Second Field Army, with the cooperation of the First Field Army and the Fourth Field Army, marched to Sichuan and Guizhou in a roundabout and encircled waybattle of Cheng Du。After taking part in the war to liberate Guangdong and Guangxi, the 4th Corps of the Field Army marched into Yunnan with the 1st Division of the 4th Field Army.By the end of December, more than 900000 people (including the enemy uprising and defection) in Hu Zongnan and other places had been wiped out.In the spring of 1950, the main force of the field army was launchedSouth Yunnan CampaignAnd annihilated more than 25000 enemies.From the middle of March to the beginning of April, another unit of our army advanced into Xichang and annihilated more than 10000 enemy troops.So far, the whole southwest except Tibet has been liberated.On February 22, 1950, the Central Military Commission instructed the establishment of the Southwest Military Region on the basis of the leadership of the Second Field Army,prominent military leader in early Communist movementServe as commander, Deng Xiaoping as political committee member, with XikangWest Sichuan, northern Sichuan, eastern Sichuan, southern Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet.In May, according to the decision of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, the Second Field Army was merged into the Southwest Military Region, and the corps and field army organizations were canceled.
Composition of military regions
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In early April 1948,Central Plains Bureau of the CPC Central CommitteeAfter the leading organs and main forces of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field Army entered western Henan, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided on May 9, 1948 to strengthen the leadership of the Central Plains Bureau of the Communist Party of China, with Deng Xiaoping as the first secretary of the Central Plains Bureau of the Communist Party of China,Chen YiHe is the second secretary and Deng Zihui is the third secretary.At the same time, it was decided to rebuild the Central Plains Military Region, appoint Liu Bocheng as the commander, Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar, and Chen Yi (still the commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army),Li XiannianHe is the deputy commander, Deng Zihui and Zhang Jichun are the deputy political commissioners, Zhang Jichun is also the director of the Political Department, Li Da is the chief of staff, and Zeng Xisheng is the deputy chief of staff.Central Plains Military AreaIt has jurisdiction over seven military regions, including Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Western Henan, Southern Shaanxi, Tongbai, Jianghan, Hubei, Henan and Western Anhui.Its preparation sequence and leaders are as follows:[1]
Henan Anhui Soviet Military Region
(Established on December 12, 1946)Zhang GuohuaServe as commander,Wu ZhipuAs a political member,Chen MingyiChief of Staff,Wang YoupingDirector of the Political Department.Under the jurisdiction of the 1st Military Division (commanderDai Wenxian, acting political commissar Zheng Hua), 2nd Military Division (commanderLi Guohou, Political CommissarLi Zhongyi）, 3rd Military Division (CommanderZhang Zhong, Political CommissarShou Songtao）The 4th Military Division (commander Song Wen, political commissar Li Yifei), the 5th Military Division (commander Wang Jianqing, political commissarWang Qimei）The 6th Military Division (Commander Li Haoran, Political CommissarTorrent）The 7th Military Division (commander and political commissarZhang Taisheng）, 8th Military Division (CommanderKuang BinPolitical membersTan Guansan）Independent Brigade (Brigade CommanderJinshaoshan）。[1]June 1948Su YuHe served as commander of the Henan Anhui Soviet Military Region,Zhang GuohuaServe as deputy commander,Song RenqianServe as a political member.[5-7]
Western Henan Military Region
(Composed of the rear headquarters of the 4th column and the 38th army)Li ChengfangActing commander, Zhang Xi as political commissarWen JianwuKong Congzhou, deputy commanderLei RongtianVice Political Member and Director of the Political Department,Li MaozhiServe as the Chief of Staff.Under the jurisdiction of the 1st Military Division (Commander Guo Qingxiang, Political Commissar Liu Dao'an), the 2nd Military Division (CommanderCai Aiqing, Political Commissar Song Chuan), 3rd Military Division (CommanderLi Jingyi, Political Commissar Xue Tao), 4th Military Division (CommanderZhang Xianyang, Political Commissar Li Fuxiang), 5th Military Division (Commander Liu Zihan, Political CommissarLeng Yuguang）, 6th Military Division (CommanderLi Xifu, Political CommissarLi Li）。[2]
South Shaanxi Military Region
(Established on June 7, 1948)Liu JinxuanServe as commander,Wang FengAs a political member,Chen XianruiServe as deputy commander,Li YaoServe as a deputy political member.Under the jurisdiction of the 1st Military Division (commander Duan Yicheng, political commissarTang Fanglei）, 2nd Military Division (CommanderSun Guang, Political Commissar Wang Li), 4th Military Division (CommanderFu Xianhui）The 17th DivisionZhang Fuzhen, Political Commissioner Liang Lisheng), 12th Brigade (Brigade Chief Xue Kezhong, Political CommissionerTan Youfu）。[2]
Tongbai Military Region
(Established on December 13, 1947) Wang Hongkun served as commander,Liu ZhijianAs a political member,Kong QingdeServe as deputy commander,Zhao ziyangAs a deputy political member,Jing RenqiuChief of Staff,Zhang LizhiDirector of the Political Department,Zhang XisanDeputy Chief of Staff, Yu Chengbin Deputy Director of the Political Department.Under the jurisdiction of the 1st Military Division (Commander Fang Zhengping, First Political CommissarZhao Wucheng, Second Political CommissionerLiu Fusheng）, 2nd Military Division (CommanderWang Haishan, Political CommissarDeng Cunlun）, 3rd Military Division (CommanderZhang Tingfa, Political CommissarWu Gang）The 28th Brigade (Brigade CommanderYang Xiukun, Political CommissarPoplar root）。[2]
Jianghan Military Region
(On December 6, 1947, it was composed of the 12th Column of Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field Army and the Independent Brigade of the former Central Plains Military Region) Zhang Caigan served as the commander,Liu JianxunHe served as the political commissar and Han Dongshan as the deputy commander,Zheng ShaowenDeputy Political Committee Member, Xin Yuanlin as Chief of Staff, Zhang Shucai as Director of the Political Department,Song KanfuDeputy Director of the Political Department.Under the jurisdiction of the 1st Military Division (commanderYang HuanminPolitical membersLiu Xiyao）, 2nd Military Division (CommanderLi Xuexian, Political CommissarWen Minsheng）, 3rd Military Division (CommanderLi Renlin, Political CommissarYang Diankui）Independent Brigade (Brigade CommanderWu Shi'an, Political Commissar Qi Kaihong).[2]
Hubei Henan Military Region
(Established in the area north of Huanggang on December 15, 1947) Wang Shusheng served as the commander,Duan JunyiHe served as a political member, Guo TianminChang BingguiServe as the deputy commander, having jurisdiction over the 1st Military Division (commanderLei ShaokangAlso, Political Commissar Liu Yi), Second Military Division (CommanderXiong Zuofang, Political Commissioner Rang Mingde), 3rd Military Division (CommanderLuo Houfu, Political CommissarTan Shanhe）, 4th Military Division (CommanderTensiology, Political Commissar Li Youjiu), 5th Military Division (CommanderZhang Guochuan, Political CommissarLiu Yangqiao）Teaching the 1st Brigade (Brigadier Chang Binggui, Political CommissarLi Shicai）And the 3rd Brigade (Brigade Chief Lei Shaokang).[2]
West Anhui Military Region
(On November 15, 1947Yuexi CountyTangchifan was founded)Zeng ShaoshanRen Commander, Peng Tao and Political Committee Member,Bao XianzhiServe as deputy commander,Xu LixingDeputy Chief of Staff,He ZhuchengDeputy Director of the Political Department.Under the jurisdiction of the 1st Military Division (commanderKong Lingfu, Political CommissarLu Rencan）, 2nd Military Division (CommanderMa Zhongquan, Political Commissar Zhang Weimin), 3rd Military Division (CommanderZeng Qingmei, Political Commissioner Guo Wanfu).[1]
sequence
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On February 5, 1949, it was officially renamed the Central Plains Field Army;February 19 The Central Military Commission of the CPC approved the establishment of the former committee.Former member of the Second Field Army of the Communist Party of China: Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Jichun, Chen Geng, Li Da;Secretary: Deng Xiaoping.
Second Field Army Organ
Commander Liu Bocheng
Political member Deng Xiaoping
Deputy Political Commissioner Song Renqiong Zhang Jichun
Chief of Staff Li Da
Director of the Political Department Zhang Jichun (concurrently)
Headquarters
Yao Jiming, Director of the Operations Department
Director of Military Affairs DivisionRemaining non
The 14th Army(Formerly the 11th Brigade of the Fourth Column, the 22nd Brigade of the Eighth Column and the Uprising BrigadeLiao YunzhouDivision composition)
Liu Huaqing, Deputy Director of the Political Department
Wu Chengxian, Minister of School Affairs
The 58th Army
(In February 1949, it was composed of the troops of the former Tongbai Military Region. In May, the military headquarters, the 173rd Division and the 174th Division were transferred to the Henan Military Region. The 172nd Division was changed to the independent division of the Hubei Military Region.)
Song Renqiong, Deputy Political Commissar and Head of the Second Field Army
Zhang Linzhi, Deputy Director of the Corps
Cao Diqiu, Deputy Director and Head of the First Regiment
Peng Tao, Deputy Director of the Corps and Head of the Second Corps
Duan Junyi, Leader of the Corps
Li Dazhang, Leader of the Corps
Leading member of the group Wan Li
Ma Jikong, Leader of the Corps
historical significance
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After the liberation of the Southwest, the Second Field Army complied with Chairman Mao Zedong'sthe second Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central CommitteeThe above instruction on "the task of the Party and the People's Liberation Army is to eliminate the reactionary armed forces of the Kuomintang in cities and villages, establish the Party organization, and establish political power", under the leadership of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in addition to a force marching into Tibet to complete the great cause of liberating the mainland of the motherland, the army will be completely decentralized, and the responsibility for taking part in the urban takeoverWe should open up rural work and eliminate bandits.In participating in the work of taking over cities and opening up rural areas, all units implemented the guidelines and policies of the CPC Central Committee and the specific instructions of the Southwest Bureau, made full use of the past experience of our army, trusted and relied on the masses, and worked hard. By December 1950, the reception work of major cities in the southwest region had been successfully completed;County and district governments have been established and developedlocal armed forces2.5 million people.
When our army concentrated on urban takeover and rural development, the US and Chiang bandits especially joined forces with the reactionary feudal forces in the southwest, gathered old officers, wandering soldiers, habitual bandits and hooligans, organized counter revolutionary armed riots everywhere and launched bandit guerrilla wars.Accordingly, the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held the first plenary meeting in early February 1950, and made specific arrangements for the fight against bandits.Under the unified leadership of the local Party committee, the forces involved in the eradication of bandits implemented the policy of "combining military strikes, political disintegration, and mobilization of the masses" formulated by the Party Central Committee, implemented the policy of "the chief villain must be dealt with, those who follow will not ask, and those who make contributions will be rewarded", and after more than a year of hard struggle, more than 1 million bandits were wiped out,Thus, the plot of the US Chiang reactionaries to establish a "mainland guerrilla base" here was smashed, and the new people's political power was consolidated.
To combat TibetReactionary governmentIn October 1950, the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the Southwest Military Region and the Second Field Army Headquarters jointly issued a political mobilization order to march into Tibet.On October 6, our army launched the Changdu Campaign, wiped out more than 5700 Tibetan troops, and won the uprising of the 9th generation of the Tibetan army and the surrender of the four generation of the Changdu point supervisor and the point office.
The liberation of Changdu by our army, especially the principles and policies of the CPC Central Committee on the peaceful liberation of Tibet, has promoted the differentiation within the Tibetan authorities.On January 4, 1951, the Tibetan authorities sent five people, including Apei Awang Jinmei, to Beijing for negotiations, and reached the Agreement between the Central People's Government and the Tibetan Local Policy on the Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet.According to the Agreement, the troops headed by Zhang Guohua, commander of the 18th Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Tan Guansan, a political commissar, set out in August and September, and arrived in Lhasa and Shigatse at the end of OctoberGyantse Ali, Cha ErAmendmentEtc.On December 20, representatives of the Central People's GovernmentZhang JingwuThe delegation and the negotiating delegation of the Tibetan local government held a meeting with the Tibetan troops in Lhasa to celebratePeaceful liberation of Tibet。So far, our army has successfully completed the reunification of the motherland.
In May 1950, according to the decision of the Central Military Commission, the designation of the Second Field Army and its subordinate corps was cancelled, and its subordinate units were under the jurisdiction of the Southwest Military Region.
The Second Field Army moved to Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Central Plains, East China, and Southwest China in the four year liberation war, and lost 21520900 people in exchange for the annihilation of 22181.34 million Kuomintang troops (excluding the annihilation from mid August to mid September 1949Japanese puppet armyThey captured 195 enemy generals, captured 45 aircraft, 21 warships, 5803 cars, 16097 guns and 1146948 guns, and annihilated more than 1145000 bandits, fulfilling the great historical mission entrusted by the Party and the people.
Major campaigns
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Changdu Campaign
Following the Chengdu Campaign, the Southwest Military Region troops started on October 6, 1950, with the 52nd Division of the 18th Army, a regiment of the 53rd Division, three battalions directly under the military reconnaissance, engineers and artillery, and a regiment and a battalion of the 42nd Division of the 14th Armynorthwest military area commandWith the cooperation of Qinghai Cavalry DetachmentChangduArea, an encirclement and annihilation campaign against the main force of the Tibetan army.In this battle, the enemy Changdu Frontier General Administration, the third, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and Jembra generations (the generation is equivalent to a small regiment) and the second, fourth, and sixth generations were wiped out, totaling 610
More than 0 people.Changdu CampaignThe victory of Tibet opened the door for our army to enter Tibet, promoted the disintegration and vacillation within the Tibetan ruling group, and created good conditions for the peaceful liberation of Tibet later.
After the Chengdu Campaign, the head of the Southwest Military Region followed the instructions of the Central Military Commission, in order to finally liberate the Chinese mainland, expel the imperialist aggressors, and make the Tibetan people free from the cruel oppression of the external reactionary forces and the internal feudal serf owners forever, formed the Western Progressive Corps with the 18th Army as the main force, and began to march into Tibet with the cooperation of some units of the Northwest Military Region.
In March 1950, when the advance troops of the 18th Army of China moved to GanziBadung In the surrounding areas, the enemy Changdu Frontier General Administration mobilized two-thirds of the total force of the Tibetan armyJinsha RiverOn the west bank, the organization takes Changdu as the hub and focuses on the direction from Changdu to Guode, starting from the southSalt wellTo the north, it reached the narrow and long area of Guode, and tried to guard the throat of Tibet by relying on the Jinsha River to prevent our army from advancing.Its specific deployment: the whole of the 8th generation, the majority of the 7th generation, one of the 2nd and 6th generation, and the Garon Guard gathered in Changdu;The other part of the 7th generation is located inSimilar to Uzzi；The third generation and the Zhenbladai are located in Shengda and Guode regions;The 10th generation is located in Gangtuo, TongpuJiangdaRegion;The 9th generation is located in a quiet and salt well area.In addition, there are more than 8000 civilian soldiers and monk soldiers distributed in the above areas from different generations.
Before the launch of the campaign, our participating troops had entered the following areas and made all preparations for battle: all the 52nd Division of the 18th Army and the Army artillery battalion were located in Dengke;Army reconnaissance battalion, engineering battalion and artillery company of the 54th Division are located atDege；The 57th Regiment and Division Artillery Company of the 53rd Division are located in Batang;The 126th Regiment of the 42nd Division of the 14th Army and the 1st Battalion of the 125th Regiment are located atDeqin；The Qinghai Cavalry Detachment of the Northwest Military Region is located in Yushu.According to the enemy's strengthCampaign layoutJudging from the operational characteristics, the enemy may change in four ways after we launch the campaign: First, we will shrink our forces and stick to some key points;The second is to retreat in an organized way and lure us to fight in unfavorable terrain;The third is to dispatch guerrillas on the spot;The fourth is to stagnate our army with one force, and the main force retreats in different directions to preserve its strength.There may be two ways to retreat: one is to retreat to Lhasa via Enda and Leiwuqi;The other is to flee from Changdu to the south, then turn back to Lhasa via Bangda and west of Basu, or run south along the river valleyChayuRegion.On this basis, we are determined to adopt the policy of combining frontal attacks with campaign detours. All combat units attack in different ways, cooperate with each other, occupy Changdu, in order to wipe out the enemy to the west of Jinsha RiverLancang RiverTo the east, as well as Leiwuqi and Enda areas.In terms of deployment, it is divided into two battle groups, namely, the North Group and the South Group, with the North Group as the main battle direction.
North Group: It is composed of the 52nd Division, the Army Direct Artillery Battalion, the Reconnaissance Battalion, the Engineer Battalion, the 54th Division Artillery Company and the Qinghai Cavalry Detachment of the Northwest Military Region. It is divided into three routes: left, middle and right, and is under the unified command of the 52nd Division.The formation and tasks of each route are as follows: the right route is composed of the 154th Regiment of the 52nd Division, the Qinghai Cavalry Detachment, the 52nd Division Cavalry Company, the Reconnaissance Company, and the Artillery Company. It detours around the enemy from the outer wing, cuts off the enemy's retreat, and cooperates with the front forces to cut and annihilate the enemy. In order to achieve the purpose of detouring and breaking the enemy's retreat, it should not be obstructed and entangled by small groups of enemies, civilian troops, and monk soldiers during the movementQuickly and bravely attack the target Changdu side by side;The middle route is composed of the 52nd Division, the 156th Regiment, the 155th Regiment and the Army artillery barracks. It is used as a frontal attack to wipe out the enemy, capture Changdu, and wipe out the main force of the enemy;The left route is composed of the 18th Army Reconnaissance Battalion, the Engineering Battalion and the 54th Division Artillery Company. After crossing the Jinsha River respectively, the first step is to wipe out the defending enemy in Gangtuo area, and then move slowly westward to maintain contact with the enemy and absorb the enemy, so as to avoid alerting the enemy in Changdu too early to make him flee westward.When approaching Changdu, in addition to the main force cooperating with the middle road to gather and annihilate the enemy in Changdu, use a force to detour to the area south of Changdu to prevent the enemy from escaping south.
South Group: consisting of the 157th Regiment of the 53rd Division, the Division Artillery Company, the Engineering Company, the 126th Regiment of the 42nd Division of the 14th Army, and a battalion of the 125th Regiment. It is divided into the south and the north, and is commanded by the 53rd Division.The formation and tasks of each route are as follows: the north route is composed of the 57th Regiment of the 53rd Division, Division Artillery Company and Engineering Company. After crossing the Jinsha River, the main force quickly detours westward to the west of Tranquility, breaking the enemy's retreat. One force attacks from the left wing to Tranquility, cooperating with the main force to wipe out the 9th generation of the enemy. After achieving the above tasks, except for leaving one force to control the area and eliminate and disperse the enemy,The main force marched northward to the direction of Bangda, breaking the enemy's retreat in the direction of Bangda and Basu;The south road is composed of the 126th Regiment of the 42nd Division and a battalion of the 125th Regiment. After the campaign was launched, Deqin clamped down on the enemies of salt wells, gate workers and green soil from the north and south. At the same time, a force was inserted from the left wing to the west of the battle area, controlling all mountain passes and thoroughfares to prevent the enemy from fleeing to Chayu.
The campaign was carried out in two stages.At this stage, our army carried out the following battles.
Salt well battle
In order to cover the main direction of action, the 126th Regiment and a battalion of the i25 Regiment of the 42nd Division on the South Road of our South Group launched a battle, first capturing and annihilating the enemy in the Mengong area, and the enemy fled to Du Liang in disorder.We immediately carried out parallel pursuit from both wings, and at the same time inserted a force into the west side of the salt well to prevent the enemy from fleeing to the west. On the 6th, we completely annihilated the enemy of Duliang, and the army took advantage of the victory to move north. On the 12th, we together with the circuitous army launched an attack on the defending enemy of the salt well, annihilating the enemy's 9th generation and one civilian army respectively. The remaining enemy was intercepted and annihilated by the 157 Regiment of our 53rd Division when fleeing to the north.At this point, the battle of Salt Well ended, killing about 500 enemies.
Quiet fighting
The headquarters of the 53rd Division on the North Road of our South Group crossed the Jinsha River by three routes. When the defending enemy saw our action, they immediately fled to the quiet direction in a hurry. We only captured and annihilated one part of the civilian army.We then attacked and advanced along the right wing tail with a force, and at the same time thrust our main force into the quiet northwest.At dawn on the 12th, all roads successively reached the quiet suburbs, and the enemy was intimidated by our army's prestige. The g-generation Bengal Sangwangdui led more than 400 people to revolt.At this point, the quiet battle ended successfully.
Gangtuo Battle
On the evening of October 6, the left road of our North Group first crossed the Jinsha River from the north side of Gangtuo with two companies, and then made a detour to the enemy's rear. The front troops crossed the river under the cover of artillery fire in the morning of October 7, and boardedriver bankLater, due to the loss of contact with the circuitous unit, coupled with poor command, the fire and movement were out of touch, the river crossing force competed with the enemy on unfavorable terrain. The main force crossed the river until late at night, only killing and injuring more than 30 enemy prisoners, and we also killed and drowned more than 30 people by capsizing.
Attack Jueyong
After the battle in Gangtuo, the enemy joined the enemy of Jiangda via Puxi Retreat. Our pursuit troops advanced to Jiangda on October 13, and immediately surrounded the enemy with two wings. However, the enemy retreated at a touch and fled towards Changdu.The enemy retreated to 15 kilometers west of Jueyon, thought they had got rid of our tail chasing and stopped. Our pursuit troops arrived at Jueyon at dusk on the 16th. After finding out the situation of the enemy, they rushed to attack the enemy with swift action. They launched a fierce battle late that night, killed more than 110 enemies, and fled westward.
Shengda Battle
The 1st Battalion of our 156th Regiment in the middle of the North Group contacted the enemy, Jeenberadeben, in the German area. We controlled the commanding heights with one force and annihilated the enemy from the left and right wings. The enemy retreated after two counter attacks and fled to the southwest.At dusk on the 13th, the 3rd Battalion of our 155th Regiment arrived near Shengda and was stopped by the enemy. The battle lasted until the night, but the main force did not arrive and the enemy did not dare to cut and destroy the enemy. The enemy retreated south at dawn the next day. We only killed one part of the enemy, but failed to destroy a large number of effective forces of the enemy.
Similar Uqi Battle
On the night of October 16, the 154th Regiment on the right road of our North Group advanced to the Jiazangka Bridge to the north of Leiwuqi, and found that the enemy's seventh generation Ben was stationed along the river. Due to the depth of the water, he could not walk on foot and could not make a detour. After attacking the enemy from the front, the enemy fled without fighting.On the 17th, our cavalry detachment came into contact with the enemy stationed in Leiwuqi. Since the enemy was scattered in mountainous and forest areas, we only annihilated more than 20 enemies, and the remaining enemies fled in the shade.
In the first stage of the campaign, we wiped out more than 1300 enemies, mainly the main force of the enemy in the south line has been wiped out, and the enemy in the north line, after being hit many times by us, has retreated and gradually shrunk to Changdu.By the 18th, our cavalry detachment and the 154th Regiment of the North Group had reached the Nda and Leiwuqi areas respectively, cutting off the main retreat of the enemy, and the troops that attacked from the front were rapidly advancing towards Changdu.At this time, except Bangda to the south of Changdu, which can still be used as the enemy's way of retreat, all other major routes of retreat have been under our control.
The second stage of the campaign
A battalion of the 126th Regiment and the 125th Regiment on the southern route stood by in Yanjing, Mengong and Deqin after the battle.After the end of the quiet battle, the main force of the 57th Regiment and Division Artillery Company of the 53rd Division moved northward from quiet, arrived at Tundo on the 21st, and rushed to the direction of Bangda √.
The reconnaissance battalion, engineering battalion and artillery company of the 54th Division of our 18th Army in the north line attacked westward after the battle in Jueyong, annihilated some of the scattered enemies along the way, and approached Changdu at dusk on the 19th.In the direction of Shengda, the 155th Regiment, the 156th Regiment, the Army artillery barracks and the units of the 52nd Division, the main force of our army, were advancing southward only in a smallWula mountain, Dongdong Zhuka and other places met general resistance from the enemy and arrived in the suburbs of Changdu at dusk on the 19th.The 154 th Regiment and the Qinghai Cavalry Detachment of the right wing circuitous force, after occupying the main roads at the mountain passes of Leiwuqi and Nda on the 18th, in addition to continuing to press eastward, the main force of the cavalry detachment and the first part of the 154 th Regiment began to move south of Changdu on the 19th.
When our troops were in the suburb of Changdu, and the northern and southern forces were approaching Changdu step by step, the governor of the enemy Changdu Frontier Envoy led four agents and their headquarters and guards to evacuate Changdu in the morning of the 18th, and began to retreat to the direction of Nda, then turned back to the direction of Bangda and/or Su.At 20:00 on the 19th, the advance battalion, reconnaissance battalion and engineering battalion of our 156th Regiment successively entered Changdu and captured more than 200 enemies.That night, except for one troop to guard and search for the remaining enemy, the rest of the troops pursued the enemy who fled south overnight.At this time, more than 120 remnants of the 7th generation of the enemy who fled from Changdu to the northwest surrendered to me in Leiwuqi.When we found that the enemy of Changdu was fleeing to the south, we used the Qinghai Cavalry Detachment of the right wing to detour to the south. At 19El night, we and the left wing reconnaissance battalion successively occupied Zongyishan Mountain Pass south of Changdu and north of Bangda, completely controlling the way of the enemy fleeing to the south.On the morning of the 20th, more than 2700 people from the headquarters of the enemy and the four Daiben and the guards surrendered under our strong military pressure and political struggle.While our army intercepted and annihilated the main force of the enemy in the south of Changdu, the main force of our 52nd Division was in the front, in the southeast of Nda on the 23rd, and in the southwest of Changdu on the 24thChayaAnd other regions, and wiped out more than 1100 enemy troops.At this point, the Changdu Campaign ended successfully.
Dingtao Campaign
August 1946, attackLonghai Road CampaignLater, the enemy transferred 14 integrated divisions (corps), 32 regular brigades and local troops totaling 300000 from the East China battlefield and the Central Plains battlefieldXuzhouZhengzhou and other places attacked the liberated area of Hebei, Shandong and Henan in the east and west, trying to seize the opportunity of our Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan field army to nip our army at Yu DingtaoCaoxianRegion, and then controlSouthwest Shandong。In order to realize the above attempt, the enemy mobilized Zhengzhou and Xuzhou on August 28, 1946“Appeasement”There are 15 brigades in total, and about 100000 troops are used for front-line attack;Another 13 brigades in AnyangXinxiangAnd feint to the east: four brigades and two security columns, located in KaifengShangqiuLine maintenance rear traffic.And sent its Secretary of DefenseKMT general based in South ChinaAnd the Chief of StaffChen ChengGo to Kaifeng for deployment.
In order to smash the enemy's attack, the Central Military Commission instructed the main force of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field Army to adopt the policy of luring the enemy deep into the ground, concentrate the superior forces, wipe out the enemy individually, and fight without any doubt, and win.According to the instructions of the Central Military Commission, our army in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces used one force to block the enemy in the east, and concentrated the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th columns, and armed forces of the southern Hebei military region and the northern Hebei, Shandong and Henan military region to the west of DingtaoDayang LakeDahuangji area, wipe out the enemy in the west and reorganize the third division, and capture the division leader aliveZhao Xitian。From the 7th to the 8thKaochengThe 47 th Division and the 41 th, 55 th and 60 th Divisions of all the retreating enemies in the area (today's Tengyang) were reorganized.The remaining enemies fled to Zhengzhou and Xuzhou in a hurry, and the battle ended.
In this battle, the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan Field Army planned to wipe out more than 17200 people from the headquarters of the 3rd Division, the 3rd Brigade, the 20th Brigade, the 41st Division, the 47th Division, and the 5th Division of the enemy's reorganized division, with more than 3500 casualties in our army.Dingtao Campaign It was introduced to the whole army by the Central Military Commission as an example of Chairman Mao Zedong's operational principle of "concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy individually" in the early days of the War of Liberation.The Longhai Road Campaign and Dingtao Campaign realized the goal of strategic response, cooperation with our army in the Central Plains to break through and continuous annihilation of the enemy in East China.On September 12, 1946, Liberation Daily published an editorial on this issue, pointing out that this victory, together with the victory of breaking through the Central Plains andSeven victories in seven wars in Central Jiangsu"For the southern front in the whole liberated area, it played an important role in turning the situation around. The situation that Chiang's army would lose and our army would win was settled."
South Yunnan Campaign
In order to continue to pursue and annihilate the 170 th Division and other dispersed enemies who fled to the west, our 13th Army, according to the order of the head of the Corps, decided to lead a force each by the commander and a deputy commander of the 37th Division, and with the cooperation of the 9th Detachment of the Frontier Column Army, to attack the west by winning both the north and the south on the 24th night.Since the enemy had fled four days ago, the troops were not confused by the scattered armed forces along the way and pursued closely day and night in the process of carrying out this task.After eight days of forced troops, we overtook the enemy in the northwest of Zhenyuan, and rushed 90 kilometers overnight, circuitously returned to the front of the enemy, attacked the enemy head-on in the area near Mengtong, then surrounded the enemy and launched a political offensive.On the 7th, the commander of the 170th enemy divisionSun JinxianHe led more than 2400 disabled people to surrender to me.At the same time, the 9th Detachment and Luhan Rebellion Corps were dispatched toMojiangThe region also forced more than 1000 remnants of the enemy instructors to surrender to me.
Our troops carrying out the southern pursuit mission wiped out the last 500 scattered officers and soldiers of the 8th Corps in the Nanqiao area, west of the Lancang River and near the China Myanmar border.On the 19th, our army liberated the whole countryXishuangbannaRegion.At this point, the Southern Yunnan Campaign ended successfully.
Huaihai Campaign
(November 6, 1948 to January 10, 1949)
On November 2, 1948,Liaoshen CampaignAfter the victory, the military situation throughout the country has undergone fundamental changes.On November 7, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao Zedong decided to expand the scale of the campaign on the basis of the original plan of the Huaihai Campaign, considering that the time was ripe for the decisive battle on the southern front, and then ordered the East China Field Army and the Central Plains Field Army to unite to seek to wipe out the largest strategic group of Kuomintang Chiang Kai shek, Xuzhou "General Suppression", under the cooperation of the units of the East China, Central Plains and North China Military RegionsLiushi Group is located in the north of Huaihai.Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Su YuTan ZhenlinFive people form the general front committee, with Deng Xiaoping as the secretary, and deal with everything at the moment.The Huaihai Campaign was launched on November 6, 1948 and divided into three stages.
The first phase is from November 6 to 22.The Central Plains Field Army is commanded by the East China Field Army with one force, and the main force is first in the southeast of ShangqiuZhanggong TempleAfter annihilating one division of the enemy, we took advantage of the victory and attacked the Jinpu Road, annihilating the remnants of the 132nd and 37th divisions in Jiagou and Sanpu areas to the south of Xuzhou.On the 15th, we captured Suxian County, a strategic place, annihilated more than 12000 enemies and cut off Jinpu Road.Then, he stubbornly stopped the enemy's 12th Corps in Renqiaoji and Zhaojiaji areas, which helped the East China Field Army to wipe out the enemy's 7th Corps in Nianzhuangxu area.
Phase II
The Central Plains Field Army, with the cooperation of East China Field Army Division I, contacted the enemy's 12th Corps with two columns and tried to lure the enemy toHuihe RiverTo the north: 5 columns are hidden in the south of Huihe River for standby.Sure enough, on the 25th, the 12th Army Group of the enemy was lured and surroundedDouble heapIs the center of the area.From the 26th, the east, west and south commandos of the Central Plains Field Army launched attacks on the enemy,Wu Shaozhou。
From December 16, in accordance with the Central Military Commission'sWhampoa graduate who was one of Chiang Kaishek's favorite commandersThe group "will not make the final annihilation deployment within two weeks", and the Central Plains Field Army acts as the general reserve team to rest in a combat readiness posture, in order to cooperate with our army in Northeast China and North China to wipe out the enemy of Peiping and Tianjin, the North China "General Suppression" Fu Zuoyi Group.On January 6, 1949, the North China Field Army launched a general offensive against the 2nd and 13th Corps of the besieged enemy. After four days of fierce fighting, it completely annihilated the enemy and killed the Corps commander on January 10Qiu QingquanHe captured Du Yuming, Deputy Commander in Chief of the "General Suppression" in Xuzhou alive.
The Central Plains Field Army cooperated with the East China Field Army in the 66 day Huaihai Campaign, and our army won a huge victory by wiping out more than 555000 enemy troops at the cost of 130000 casualties.So far, the main force and elite divisions of the enemy forces on the southern line have been basically wiped out, and the vast areas north, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been liberated.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out in the congratulatory message: "All these great victories are the result of the hard struggle of the commanders and fighters of the People's Liberation Army, the People's Liberation Army and the people, as well as the party, government, military and people in the rear who unite as one."
Central Plains Field ArmyMarching into the Dabie MountainsSince he moved to western Henan, he has worked together with the East China Field Army, followed the instructions of the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao Zedong, and with the support of the Party organizations and the people in the Central Plains, and through one and a half years of close coordination, fought side by side and worked hard to complete the great historical task of liberating the Central Plains.
Wandong Campaign
(May 25 to June 3, 1948)
In late May 1948, the Central Plains Field Army followed the instructions of the Central Military Commission to contain and annihilateLinyingThe enemy in the region reorganized the 18th Army, cooperated with the East China Field Army Suyu Corps in crossing the Yellow River south to join the Central Plains operations, and formed the eastern and western groups with six columns (including the 10th column of the East China Field Army) and a military command unitWandong Campaign。On May 27, the East Group consisting of the first column, the third column, and the sixth column began to feign attack on Queshan, forcing the enemy to reorganize the 10th, 20th, and 58th Divisions to assist the East on May 28.Day and night, I was caught by my fourth columnCredit Flag TownTo the south.Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping immediately ordered the East and West Group to move towards them and annihilate the enemy.The enemy retreated from Nanyang when he saw that the situation was unfavourable.Our Western Group immediately pursued and blocked the enemy. It repulsed the enemy's 9 attacks in a row. The battle lasted until June 3, when more than 6000 people from the 58th Division headquarters and 183rd Brigade were annihilated in the horse east of NanyangLiu YingMore than 3000 people were killed and wounded, and the main force retreated back to Nanyang.At the same time, the Chen and Tang Corps of the East China Field Army and the 9th Column of the Central Plains Field Army stopped the other reinforcementsLuoheIn the south, more than 2000 people were killed.At the cost of 3670 casualties in this battle, our army won the victory of defeating more than 12200 enemies, hit the enemy hard, and achieved the expected goal of the campaign.
Later, the East China Field Army Chen Shiju and Tang Liang Corps were ordered to return to the north and return to the original organizational system.
In July 1948 (the 37th year of the Republic of China)The Third Revolutionary Civil WarThe First Central Plains Field Army of the People's Liberation Army and the troops of the military region are in Hubei ProvinceLaohekouXiangyang and Fancheng launched offensive campaigns against Kuomintang troops.
Liu Bocheng, the commander of the Central Plains Field Army, and Deng Xiaoping, the political commissar, decided to take the opportunity of Bai Chongxi Group, the Kuomintang Army in Central China, to reinforce the eastern part of Henan and liberate Laohekou, Fancheng, Xiangyang and other cities in order to open up the area west of the Xianghe River and transform the river into an inland river in the Jianghan and Tongbai Liberated Areas.Then the 6th column and the two brigades of Shannan and Tongbai military regions were commanded by Wang Hongkun, commander of Tongbai military region, and first occupied Guanghua and Laohekou, and annihilated most of the 163rd brigade of the Kuomintang army south of Gucheng.On the 4th, they went south along the Han River. On the 6th, they surrounded Fancheng and occupied itNanzhangThe county began to fight outside Xiangyang and Fancheng on the 7th.Xiangyang CityIt is adjacent to the Hanshui River in the north and faces Fancheng across the water. The mountains in the south and west of the city are 160 to 460 meters above sea level. It is a natural barrier for Xiangyang City. It is commonly said that "Xiangyang is made of iron".The garrison is the headquarters of the 15th appeasement zone of the Kuomintang army, leading two brigades and one regiment to defend Xiang and Fan.The PLA's response to Mount BiwaGossan mountainSuch strongholds launched attacks, but the Kuomintang army, relying on solid fortifications, fought tenaciously and unleashed poison gas. The attack was unsuccessful.In view of the fact that the main position in the south of Xiangyang City is easy to defend and difficult to attack, while the forces in the east and west of the city are weak, the commander of the 6th Column Wang Jinshan used one force to clamp down the Hutou Mountain andYanghu MountainThe main force adopted the "heart to heart" tactic to launch a sudden attack on the east and west sides of the city.By the 4th, they had captured Tiemao Mountain, Zhenwu Mountain and other strongholds, and occupied most of the eastern and western Chengguan Pass.Nanshan garrison was forced to abandon the array and flee into the city.The 104th Brigade of Fancheng garrison retreated to Xiangyang on the 11th.On the night of the 15th, the PLA launched a general offensive under the cover of artillery fire, and fought fiercely until the 16th to capture Xiangyang City and capture Kang Ze, commander of the 15th appeasement zone.In this battle, the PLA wiped out a total of 20500 Kuomintang troops, including 17000 captured the enemy, 3500 killed and wounded, liberated 7 cities and towns, and captured a large number of military supplies.
Southwest Campaign
From November to December 1949, in the Third Revolutionary Civil War, the main force of the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, with the cooperation of the First Field Army and the Fourth Field Army, launched an offensive campaign against Kuomintang troops in several provinces in southwest Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xikang (now part of Sichuan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region).
From April to October, the People's Liberation Army successively liberated the whole of North China, East China mainland and most of the northwest, central and southern regions. The Kuomintang Chiang Kai shek Group moved from Guangzhou to Chongqing. The Kuomintang Army's remaining Hu Zongnan Group and Bai Chongxi Group concentrated in the southwest provinces and Guangxi.The Kuomintang troops in the southwest include the Sichuan Shaanxi Gansu Border RegionAppeasement OfficeDirector Hu Zong, three regiments in the south, and head of the Southwest Military and Political Commissioner's OfficeZhang QunThere are about 450000 people in 37 armies, including 5 corps and other departments. In addition, there are local security forces and a large number of local armed forces.The Kuomintang government tried to rely on these forces, relying on the southwest region with Sichuan as the center, to resist the attack of the People's Liberation Army, so as to gain time, form a new army, and wait for the opportunity to carry out the counter attack.If necessary, retreat to Xikang and Yunnan or flee abroad.
In order to wipe out the Kuomintang army in the southwest, the Communist Party of ChinaRevolutionary Military Commission of the Central CommitteeThe operational policy of great circuitous encirclement has been formulated.It is determined that the second field army willXiangxiWestern Hubei goes straight out of Guizhou and into Yibin, SichuanLuzhou, Chongqing front line, cut off the road for Hu Zongnan Group and Zhang Qun Group to retreat to Yunnan, and its contact with Bai Chongxi, the military and political chief of Central China in Guangxi;AtBaojiThe 18th Corps (commander and political commissar) of the First Field Army in the regionZhou Shidi）The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other departments first attracted with positive actions to restrain Hu Zongnan Group fromQinling MountainsAfter the Second Field Army cut off the road for the Sichuan garrison to retreat to Yunnan, it quickly occupied northern Sichuan and Chengdu, and then the two forces worked together to annihilate the Sichuan garrison.In compliance with this, the Second Field Army determined that the 16th, 17th and 18th Armies of the 5th Corps (Commander Yang Yong, Political Commissar Su Zhenhua) and the 10th Armies of the 3rd Corps (Commander Chen Xilian, Political Commissar Xie Fuzhi) would go straight out of northern Guizhou, bypass southern Sichuan, cut off the Kuomintang army's retreat to Yunnan Road, and cooperate with the main force of the 3rd Corps;The 11th, 12th and 47th, 50th and 42nd Armies of the 3rd Corps and the 4th Field Army, as well as the troops of Hubei Military Region, were the first to wipe out the director of the Sichuan Hunan Hubei Border Appeasement Office of the Kuomintang Southwest Military Administrative OfficeSong XilianThe Group is located in western Hubei, eastern SichuanQianjiangPengshui area, then westwardJiangjinLuzhou, together with the 5th Corps, annihilated the Kuomintang Army in Chongqing;Once the above tasks are completed, they will encircle Hu Zongnan Group in western Sichuan and occupy the whole Sichuan together with the 18th Corps of the First Field Army from Shaanxi.
Under the command of Liu Bocheng, the commander, and Deng Xiaoping, the political commissar, the Second Field Army started from Tianzhu in Guizhou in the south to Hubei in the northBadongMultiple attacks were carried out on the Kuomintang army in a 500 km area.After several days of simultaneous pursuit, the 5th Corps and the 10th Army successively occupied GuiyangZunyi, cut off the Kuomintang army's southwest defense line.At the same time, the Fourth and Second Field Armies each launched a pincer attack on Song Xilian, the head of the Kuomintang Army's appeasement commission at the border of Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei. From 19th to 21stXianfengNortheast China and Baishoudu annihilated all of its 14th Corps, and Song Xilian Group's 20th CorpsWujiangRun west.
At this time, Chiang Kai shek, the head of military and political affairs of the Kuomintang, who was in charge of Chongqing, perceived the PLA's attempt to enter Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing from the west of Hubei, Hunan and Chengdu, and urged Hu Zongnan Group to move from Qinling Mountains to ChengduShannanEvacuate to Sichuan.Order the 20th and 15th Corps toNanchuanThe area to the east of Hu Zongnan Group was deployed to delay the advance of the PLA and cover the retreat of Hu Zongnan Group to the south.Based on this situation, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping ordered the main force of the 5th Corps and the 10th Army to move quickly through northwest Guizhou to Luzhou and Yibin, ordered the 3rd Corps and the 47th Army and other departments to immediately cross the Wujiang River and enter Nanchuan area, besieging the 15th and 20th Corps of the Kuomintang Army.In compliance with this, the main forces of the 3rd and 5th Corps quickly encircled the Kuomintang Army, and the main forces of the 3rd Corps and the 47th Corps wiped out more than 30000 people of the 20th and 15th Corps of the Kuomintang Army in the north of Nanchuan (seeNorth Battle of Nanchuan County）And take advantage of the victory to wipe out the First Division of the First Army of the Kuomintang Army that came to reinforce in the periphery of Chongqing.On the 29th, the Kuomintang Chiang Kai shek Group fled to Chengdu, and on the 30th, the People's Liberation Army occupied Chongqing.The main forces of the 3rd and 5th Corps and the 47th and 50th Armies went to Neijiang, Tongliang, Guang'anWanxian County, ZigongRongxian CountyAt this point, the main retreat route of the Kuomintang army to Guizhou and Yunnan has been cut off.
On the 9th, Lu Han, Chairman of the Kuomintang Army's Yunnan Provincial Government and Director of the Yunnan Pacification Commission, Liu Wenhui, Chairman of the Kuomintang's Xikang Provincial Government, Deng Xihou, Deputy Director of the Kuomintang's Southwest Military AdministrationPan WenhuaSome of the stations were electrified in Kunming, Yunnan, Ya'an, Xikang, and Pengxian, Sichuan.On the 10th, Chiang Kai shek and others fled to Taiwan.On the 11th, the 3rd and 5th Corps of the Second Field Army moved from eastern and southern Sichuan to the west, and on the 20th, they moved to SuiningMeishan, DanlingQionglai、DayiThe front line completely cut off the retreat of the Kuomintang army in Sichuan.At the same time, the 18th Corps and other departments completed the task of restraining and retaining the southern part of Hu Zong with active actions in the Qinling Mountains.After Hu Zongnan Group retreated to the south, the 18th Corps, led by He Long and Zhou Shidi, marched day and night in three ways to pursue the south and reached Jiangyou, MianyangBazhongfrontline.So far, hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops gathered in Chengdu and its surrounding areas, mainly in the south of Hu Zong, were completely surrounded (see the Chengdu Campaign).On the 26th, under the military pressure and political struggle of the People's Liberation Army, the 7th, 15th, 16th and 20th Corps of the encircled Kuomintang Army announced an uprising.By ChongqingXinjinThe Kuomintang Army's 5th Corps, which broke out in two ways, was wiped out by the Second Field Army, except for one who fled to XichangQionglaiDayi first line.On the 27th, the 18th Corps of the Kuomintang Army announced an uprising in the east of Chengdu. On that day, the People's Liberation Army occupied Chengdu.
This war is a typical example of a war in which strategic decisions are basically consistent with the course of the war. The People's Liberation Army has adopted the strategy of great detour and great encirclement, and used both the odd and the rightGuangxi CampaignUnder the cover of, he acted quickly, cut off the retreat of the Kuomintang army at one fell swoop, and played a role of wonder.The 18th Corps, located in Sichuan and Shaanxi, took an active action and adopted the policy of "slow before fast". It skillfully pretended to attack but did not break, which led the Kuomintang army to mistakenly believe that the main attack direction of the PLA was in the north of Sichuan, thus keeping Hu Zongnan Group in the Qinling Mountains area. When the main attack force cut off the road of the Kuomintang army, it immediately followed the fleeing army with fierce tactics to ensure the smooth progress of the battle.In the battle, the PLA also closely combined a strong military offensive with an effective political struggle, which accelerated the process of the battle.This is the most annihilated battle in the history of Chinese war, and the People's Liberation Army totally annihilatedKuomintang ArmyThere are a total of 900223 people in 10 corps headquarters, 49 military headquarters and 133 divisions, including more than 700000 people from the Kuomintang regular army and local security teams (196100 captured the enemy, 8830 killed, 401660 revolted, 95640 defected), 200000 local miscellaneous armed forces, liberating vast areas of several provinces in the southwest, and thoroughly crushing the intention of Chiang Kai shek's group to occupy the southwest region and wait for an opportunity to return.
