[Unique Points]
Original title: Marseille, inheritor of intangible cultural heritage of Tianjin Ma's filigree inlaying technique (introduction)
Gold Mining for Silk Braiding (Craftsman's Unique Skill) (Theme)
People's Daily reporter Gong Xiangjuan
Marseille, the post-90s generation, devotes himself to the study of filigree inlay production techniques. His works have been used as props in ancient costume films and TV plays, accessories for stage actors in the Spring Festival Gala, headdresses for Chinese wedding costumes, etc. In March this year, he was recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as one of the first batch of national famous rural craftsmen.
What can 0.18mm thin wire do? In the hands of Marseille, the inheritor of the municipal intangible cultural heritage Martha's filigree inlaying technology in Tianjin (see photo, the interviewee provides the picture), after pulling, pinching, piling, piling, filling and other filigree inlaying technology techniques, each piece of exquisite jewelry will appear in front of us, making people feel the exquisite metal "as thin as hair, as thin as yarn", and exclaiming at the ingenuity of traditional Chinese crafts.
Filigree inlay, also known as fine gold craftsmanship, can be traced back to the gold and silver inlay craftsmanship of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which has a history of thousands of years. In 2008, it was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.
"It is a unique skill to collect gold as silk, weave it skillfully, and inlay jade and jade. Filigree inlay is a combination of the two techniques." Marseille introduced that "filigree" is the abbreviation of patterned silk, which is made of gold, silver, copper and other highly malleable metal materials as raw materials. First, the materials are made into filaments, and then pinched, filled, stored, welded, stacked, stacked, woven, braided and other techniques are used, Make the filaments into various shapes; The inlaying process uses such techniques as filing, hammering, beating, squeezing, and inlaying to make the metal sheet into the shape of a bracket or claw, and then inlay pearls, gemstones, etc., to play the role of icing on the cake.
"Take the phoenix shaped eardrop as an example, the whole process will go through dozens of processes." Marseille said that after hand painting, the main body will be carved according to the figure. "Whether the chiseling is good or not depends on whether the shape is fresh, whether the line radian is smooth, and whether the grain details have a sense of hierarchy and three-dimensional." After the chiseling part is completed, the filigree part will be made, and then gold-plated and inlaid to finally complete the work.
The most delicate part is the production of "tassel" accessories. Marseille introduced that the overall length of the blade used for tassels is about 1.5 cm, and the widest part is about 1.2 cm. In the blade the size of the thumbnail, more than 20 "6" - shaped "curly head patterns" should be filled. "It seems simple, but it tests patience most. It takes a skilled worker about an hour to make a mosaic," said Marseille.
The first step is to draw first, which is the basis of the filament process. Marseille first turned the silver into silver blocks with a high temperature gun, then rolled them into strips, inserted them into the holes of the wire drawing plate, pinched them and pulled them slowly. From the coarse hole to the fine hole, it must be carried out step by step. After many times of pulling, a 0.18mm thin wire was finally pulled, which was only slightly thicker than a hair. This kind of fine drawn silk is called plain silk.
Then, the two strands of raw silk are interwoven, and the wood plate is used to make twisted silk, and then the twisted twisted silk is nipped into a "6" pattern with tweezers. And so on, until the quantity is enough.
Next is "filling", filling the pinched curly head lines from top to bottom in the silk border. After filling, use glue to bond, and then use spray gun to weld and solidify. "The test of welding is the assurance of the heat, which will melt the whole work and destroy the work." Marseille said that because the welding is too stable and solid to produce the dynamic beauty of swaying posture, many jewelry joints are not suitable for welding process, but can use binding technology.
The final step is tessellation. According to the overall needs of jewelry, it is inlaid with pearl, turquoise, red agate and other decorations.
"Small accessories can be made in one or two days at least in a few hours," said Marseille, pointing to the replica works of cultural relics such as the Naomao flower corolla and the Shangyang phoenix corolla, "but this' big piece 'with complicated workmanship has a long creation cycle. In the early stage, you need to check relevant historical records and pictures, and sometimes you need to go to the museum to see the comparison of the original objects, and slowly polish and modify them. A work can be completed in more than a month. ”
Up to now, there are hundreds of ornaments made by Marseille, large and small. His works have been used as props in ancient costume films and TV plays, accessories for stage actors in the Spring Festival Gala, and headdresses for Chinese wedding costumes.
In addition to the reproduction of cultural relics, Marseille is still trying to make independent design and innovation. Last year, the "Lotus Grand Phoenix Crown" designed by him participated in the China Arts and Crafts Expo and won the "Hundred Crane Award".
"As a inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, I am very pleased to see that traditional clothing, new Chinese style clothing and other national fashion elements have been widely welcomed by young people in recent years. In the future, we will continue to inherit the excellent traditional culture of China, and let more exquisite traditional jewelry into people's daily life." Marseille said.
