CAMCE News (Workers' Daily - Mao Ningxi, a reporter from CAMCE) Recently, the Shaanxi Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics conducted a special survey on migrant workers' entrepreneurship in Zichang, Ziyang, Fufeng and other nine national pilot counties for migrant workers returning home. The results show that the number of migrant workers returning to their hometown to start businesses has increased year by year in the past three years, and 30% of migrant workers are willing to return to their hometown to start businesses. However, there are still problems that need to be further studied and solved, such as difficult financing, high entrepreneurial costs, business environment to be optimized, and entrepreneurial ability to be improved.
According to the estimation of Shaanxi Provincial Labor Exchange Guidance Center, in 2016, the total number of rural labor force transfer in the province remained around 7 million, and the proportion of rural labor force willing to return to their hometown was about 30%, with a total number of about 2 million; From 2015 to 2017, the total number of migrant workers returning to their hometown to start businesses in the province was 410500, 452100 and 481000 respectively, with an average annual increase of 35000, an average annual increase of 8.25%.
The survey shows that the average return time of migrant workers is 5.5 years, and the average entrepreneurial time is 3.5 years; In 2015 and later, 68.5% of migrant workers started businesses. These migrant workers and their entrepreneurship show the following characteristics: First, migrant workers returning home to start their businesses are mainly 30-50 years old; Second, the educational level of migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses is higher than the overall level of migrant workers in the province, with junior high school education as the main level; Third, the characteristics of migrant workers returning to their hometown for entrepreneurship before returning to their hometown are outstanding. 52.8% of them return from other counties and provinces, 84.3% of them work outside their home offices, 87% have worked outside for more than three years, 44.4% are engaged in construction and manufacturing industries, and 68.5% of them have a monthly income of 3000 yuan or more before returning to their home towns; Fourth, the main motivation for returning migrant workers to start their own businesses is the awareness of returning home to start their own businesses, the attraction of high income and giving consideration to their families; Fifth, migrant workers returning home to start businesses are more concentrated in the agricultural field.
The report shows that migrant workers still face prominent problems in returning home to start their own businesses. The first is the difficulty of financing. The government's guaranteed loan for entrepreneurship generally does not exceed 100000 yuan, but the average start-up capital of 108 migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship is 524000 yuan; It is difficult to guarantee loans, and the vast majority of migrant workers returning home to start businesses are difficult to find suitable guarantors; The loan threshold is high, and only one person has received the government entrepreneurship loan. Secondly, the cost of entrepreneurial space is high. Third, the business environment needs to be further optimized. In particular, there are many links, high costs, long time and repeated trips in the aspects of construction permit, water, electricity, gas and heating, credit, etc., which increase the burden and risk of returning migrant workers to start their own businesses.
In addition, the entrepreneurial ability of migrant workers needs to be improved. Although most migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses have mastered certain skills and experience, they lack professional knowledge in industry and commerce, taxation, finance, management and other aspects. Their market analysis ability, organization and management ability are not strong, and they lack the awareness of independent research and development and technological innovation. They are difficult to adapt to the market and control the market, and their entrepreneurial risks are high.
In this regard, grassroots cadres and returning migrant workers generally appeal to: increase policy guidance, so that returning migrant workers can "have lights to guide the way" in the process of entrepreneurship, which is no longer a "black" policy process; Increase financial support, set up entrepreneurship funds, and increase policy finance support for migrant workers returning home to start businesses; Improve skill training and provide multi-level and multi skill training opportunities; We will improve service institutions and establish institutions at the grass-roots level that provide services for returning migrant workers to start businesses.
