Transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）family，includingTGF-β单击功能区上，activin，Nodal，bone morphogenetic proteins（BMPs）and others，平面压力机在diverse cellular processes，including cell保护，保养单击功能区上，分配，分配单击功能区上，apoptosis，cell plasticity and migration.The type I receptor serine/threonine kinases（RSTKs）are also known as activin receptor-like kinases（ALKs）for which asystematic nomencature has been proposed（ALK1-7）Its dysfunctions can result in various kinds of diseases，such ascancerand tissuefibrosis.Ligand binding leads to formation of the receptor heterocomplex，in which TGF-βRII phosphorylates threonine and serine residues of TGF-βRI and thus activates TGF-βRI.The activated TGF-βRI recruits and phosphorylates a subset ofSMADproteins（SMAD2/3）which are then translocated to the nucleus where they form transcription complexes with DNA binding factors and co-activators/co-repressors to regulatetranscriptionof the target genes[1].In normal cells，TGF-β，acting through its signaling pathway，stops thecell cycleattheG1stage to stop proliferation，induce differentiation，or promoteapoptosis.When a cell is transformed into a cancer cell，parts of the TGF-βsignaling pathway are mutated，and TGF-βno longer controls the cell.These cancer cells proliferate[2]。