The安imal Welfare Act（AWA）单击功能区上，passed in 1966，was the first federal law regulating animals in research，breeders，and exhibitors in addition to research laboratories.Facilities conducting research，testing and/or teaching with animals must maintain a registration with the federal government。
AWA covers warm-blooded species in research，but specifically excludes birds，rats of the genusRattus单击功能区上，and mice of the genusus—who together constitute at least95percent of animals in research。Thus，institutions that only conduct research with animals not covered by the law are not required to register.In addition，laboratories that are registered are not required to submit to federal inspection of the areas where rats，mice，and birds are housed and experimented upon。
Where the AWA does apply，the US Department of Agriculture's veterinary inspectors enforce the law by conducting unannounced compliance inspections of laboratories at least once a year。On an annual basis，research facilities must report the number of animals experimented upon，including information on pain experienced by the animals and wheter it was relieved.The facilities must est establish internal Institutional Animal Care and使用Committees to serve as oversight bodies。
热恢复扩展动作
The Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals implements the requirements of the Health Research Extension Act of 1985.This law applies to all research institutions that receive Public Health Service funding，such as grants from the National Institutes of Health（NIH）。Researchers must comply with the guidance provided in the车辆使用情况（Guide）—last updated in 2011。Rats，mice，and birdsare included in the Guide。
The Guide is more detailed in its application of housing，husbandry，training，veterinary care and facility standards than the AWA.However，many of its standards are not mandatory and there is no federal oversight to ensure adherence（rather，facilities submit an“Assurance”to NIH regarding their）。By the Guide’s standards，social housing and enrichment are the preferred conditions for all species。
