{“id”：“https://openalex.org/W3121475729“，”doi“：”https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67438-0_4“，”title“：”Putting Gradual Types to Work“，”display_name“：”Patting Gradal Types to Work“，“publication_year”：2021，”publication_date“：”2021-01-01“，”ids“：{”openalex“：”https://openalex.org/W3121475729“，”doi“：”https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67438-0_4“，”mag“：”3121475729“}，”language“：”en“，”primary_location“：{”is_oa“：true，”landing_page_url“：”https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67438-0_4，“pdf_url”：https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-67438-0_4.pdf“，”源“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/S106296714“，”display_name“：”计算机科学讲义“，”issn_l“：”0302-9743“，”isn“：[”0302-7743“、”1611-3349“]，”is_oa“：false、”is_in_doaj“：false、”is_core“：true、”host_organization“：”https://openalex.org/P4310318900“，”“host_organization_name”：“Springer Science+Business Media”，“host_organization_lineage”：[“https://openalex.org/P431031965","https://openalex.org/P4310318900“]，”host_organization_lineage_names“：[”Springer Nature“，”Springr Science+Business Media“]，“type”：“book series”}，“license”：“cc-by”，“licence_id”：“https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by“，”version“：”publishedVersion“，”is_accepted“：true，”is_published“：true}，”type“：”book-chapter“，”type_crossref“：“book-chapper”，”indexed_in“：[”crossref“]，”open_access“：{”is_oa“：true，”oa_status“：”hybrid“，”oa_url“：”https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-67438-0_4.pdf“，”any_repository_has_fulltext“：true}，”作者身份“：[{”作者位置“：”第一个“，”作者“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/A5046168609“，”display_name“：”Bhargav Shivkumar“，”orcid“：”https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-9229“｝，”机构“：[｛”id“：”https://openalex.org/I1299907687“，”display_name“：”Bloomberg（美国）“，”ror“：”https://ror.org/02rdpzb15“，”country_code“：”US“，”type“：“company”，”lineage“：[”https://openalex.org/I1299907687“]}]，”国家“：[”美国“]，”is_corresponding“：false，”raw_author_name“：”Bhargav Shivkumar“，”raw _ affiliation_strings“：[“Bloomberg，New York，USA”]，”affiliation“：[{”raw _affiliation_string“：”Bloomberg，New Yor，USA“，”institution_ids“：[https://openalex.org/I1299907687“]}]}，{”author_position“：”middle“，”author“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/A5067715723“，”display_name“：”Enrique Naudon“，”orcid“：”https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-2781“｝，”机构“：[｛”id“：”https://openalex.org/I1299907687“，”display_name“：”Bloomberg（美国）“，”ror“：”https://ror.org/02rdpzb15“，”country_code“：”US“，”type“：“company”，”lineage“：[”https://openalex.org/I1299907687“]}]，”国家“：[”美国“]，”is_corresponding“：false，”raw_author_name“：”Enrique Naudon“，”raw _ afiliation_strings“：[“Bloomberg，New York，USA”]，”affiliations“：[{”raw _affiliation_string“：”Bloomberg，New Yor，USA“，”institution_ids“：]”https://openalex.org/I1299907687“]}]}，{”author_position“：”last“，”author“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/A5027309456“，”display_name“：”卢卡斯·齐亚雷克“，”兽人“：”https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-1998“｝，”机构“：[｛”id“：”https://openalex.org/I63190737“，”display_name“：”布法罗大学，纽约州立大学“，”ror“：”https://ror.org/01y64my43“，”country_code“：”US“，”type“：“教育”，”世系“：[”https://openalex.org/I63190737“]}]，”国家“：[”美国“]，”is_corresponding“：false，”raw_author_name“：”Lukasz Ziarek“，”raw _ afiliation_strings“：[“SUNY-美国纽约州布法罗大学”]，”affiliations“：[{”raw _affiliation_string“：”SUNY–美国纽约州布法罗大学“，”institution_ids“：]”https://openalex.org/I63190737“]}]}]，”institution_assertions“：[]，”countries_distiction_count“：1，”institutions_disticent_count”：2，”corresponding_author_ids“：[[]，”corresponding_institution_ids”：[]、“apc_list”：{“value”：5000，“currency”：“EUR”，“value_usd”：5392，“provenance”：“doaj”}，“apc_payed”：{value“：5000，”“current”：“欧元”，“value_usd“：5392，“出处”：“doaj”}，“fwci”：0.0，“has_fulltext“：true，”fulltext_origin“：”pdf“，”cited_by_count“：0，”citation_normalized_percentile“：{”value“：0.0，”is_in_top_1_percent“：false，”is.in_top_10_percennt“：false}，”cited_by_percentile_year“：{“min”：0，“max”：58}，“biblio”：{“volume”：null，“issue”：null，“first_page”：“54”，“last_page”：“70”}，“：false，”is_paratext“：fase，”primary_topic“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/T10126“，”“display_name”：“程序分析和验证技术”，“score”：0.9995，“subfield”：{“id”：“https://openalex.org/subfields/1702“，”display_name“：”人工智能“}，”字段“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/fields/17“，”display_name“：”Computer Science“}，”domain“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/domains/3“，”display_name“：”物理科学“}}，”主题“：[{”id“：”https://openalex.org/T10126“，”“display_name”：“程序分析和验证技术”，“score”：0.9995，“subfield”：{“id”：“https://openalex.org/subfields/1702“，”display_name“：”人工智能“}，”字段“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/fields/17“，”display_name“：”Computer Science“}，”domain“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/domains/3“，”display_name“：”物理科学“}}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/T10260“，”“display_name”：“软件工程实证研究”，“score”：0.9932，“subfield”：{“id”：“https://openalex.org/subfields/1710“，”display_name“：”Information Systems“}，”field“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/fields/17“，”display_name“：”Computer Science“}，”domain“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/domains/3“，”display_name“：”物理科学“}}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/T10142“，”“display_name”：“软件验证和控制中的形式方法”，“score”：0.974，“subfield”：{“id”：“https://openalex.org/subfields/1703“，”display_name“：”计算理论与数学“}，”字段“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/fields/17“，”display_name“：”Computer Science“}，”domain“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/domains/3“，”display_name“：”物理科学“}}]，”关键词“：[{”id“：”https://openalex.org/keywords/type-in-ference网站“，”display_name“：”类型推断“，”score“：0.7852087｝，｛”id“：”https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation（https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation）“，”display_name“：”Implementation“，”score“：0.54584014}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking“，”display_name“：”模型检查“，”score“：0.521416}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/keywords/metalanguage网站“，”display_name“：”元语言“，”score“：0.47317627}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/keywords/representation网站“，”display_name“：”Representation（politics）“，”score“：0.47069716}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/keywords/type-safety“，”display_name“：”类型安全“，”score“：0.4519883}]，”概念“：[{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C41008148，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198“，”display_name“：”计算机科学“，”level“：0，”score“：0.7943536｝，｛”id“：”https://openalex.org/C199360897，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143“，”display_name“：”编程语言“，”level“：1，”score“：0.78753763}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C198370458，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459“，”display_name“：”类型推断“，”level“：3，”score“：0.7852087}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C26713055，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962“，”display_name“：”Implementation“，”level“：2，”score“：0.54584014}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C142998047，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193983“，”display_name“：”元语言“，”level“：2，”score“：0.47317627}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C2776359362，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286“，”display_name“：”Representation（politics）“，”level“：3，”score“：0.47069716}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C44779574，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736866“，”display_name“：”类型安全“，”级别“：2，”分数“：0.4519883}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C97686452，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153“，”display_name“：”静态分析“，”level“：2，”score“：0.44186023}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C2776214188，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386“，”display_name“：”推理“，”level“：2，”score“：0.293975｝，｛”id“：”https://openalex.org/C154945302，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660“，”display_name“：”人工智能“，”level“：1，”score“：0.1855402}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C94625758，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163“，”display_name“：”政治“，”级别“：2，”分数“：0.0}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C17744445，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442“，”display_name“：”政治学“，”level“：0，”score“：0.0}，{”id“：”https://openalex.org/C199539241，“wikidata”：https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748“，”display_name“：”Law“，”level“：1，”score“：0.0}]，”mesh“：[]，”locations_count“：2，”location“：[{”is_oa“：true，”landing_page_url“：”https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67438-0_4，“pdf_url”：https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-67438-0_4.pdf“，”源“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/S106296714“，”display_name“：”计算机科学讲义“，”issn_l“：”0302-9743“，”isn“：[”0302-7743“、”1611-3349“]，”is_oa“：false、”is_in_doaj“：false、”is_core“：true、”host_organization“：”https://openalex.org/P4310318900“，”“host_organization_name”：“Springer Science+Business Media”，“host_organization_lineage”：[“https://openalex.org/P431031965","https://openalex.org/P4310318900“]，”host_organization_lineage_names“：[”Springer Nature“，”Springr Science+Business Media“]，“type”：“book series”}，“license”：“cc-by”，“licence_id”：“https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by“，”version“：”publishedVersion“，”is_accepted“：true，”is_published“：true}，{”is_oa“：true，”landing_page_url“：”https://arxiv.org/abs/201.12299，“pdf_url”：https://arxiv.org/pdf/20101.12299，“源”：{“id”：https://openalex.org/S4306400194“，”display_name“：”arXiv（康奈尔大学）“，”issn_l“：null，”issn“：null，”is_oa“：true，”is_in_doaj“：false，”is_core“：false，”host_organization“：”https://openalex.org/I205783295“，”“host_organization_name”：“康奈尔大学”，“host_organization_lineage”：[“https://openalex.org/I205783295“]，”host_organization_lineage_names“：[”康奈尔大学“]，”type“：”repository“｝，”license“：null，”license_id“：null，”version“：”submittedVersion“，”is_accepted“：false，”is_published“：false｝]，”best_oa_location“：｛”is_oa“：true，”landing_page_url“：”https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67438-0_4，“pdf_url”：https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-67438-0_4.pdf“，”源“：{”id“：”https://openalex.org/S106296714“，”display_name“：”计算机科学讲义“，”issn_l“：”0302-9743“，”isn“：[”0302-7743“、”1611-3349“]，”is_oa“：false、”is_in_doaj“：false、”is_core“：true、”host_organization“：”https://openalex.org/P4310318900“，”“host_organization_name”：“Springer Science+Business Media”，“host_organization_lineage”：[“https://openalex.org/P431031965","https://openalex.org/P4310318900“]，”host_organization_lineage_names“：[”Springer Nature“，”Springr Science+Business Media“]，“type”：“book series”}，“license”：“cc-by”，“licence_id”：“https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by“，”version“：”publishedVersion“，”is_accepted“：true，”is_published“：true}，”sustainable_development_goals“：[{”display_name“：”素质教育“，”score“：0.48，”id“：”https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4“}]，”grants“：[]，”datasets“：[]，”versions“：[】，”referenced_works_count“：33，”referrenced_works“：]”https://openalex.org/W1568983194","https://openalex.org/W1970075481","https://openalex.org/W1973186567","https://openalex.org/W1986022261","https://openalex.org/W1987203566","https://openalex.org/W2020899082","https://openalex.org/W2033348393","https://openalex.org/W2052973434","https://openalex.org/W2059895047","https://openalex.org/W2070088936","https://openalex.org/W2087307736","https://openalex.org/W2102473657","https://openalex.org/W2113556560","https://openalex.org/W2123357908","https://openalex.org/W2127402358","https://openalex.org/W2157266926","https://openalex.org/W2163976959","https://openalex.org/W2166822586","https://openalex.org/W2186781247","https://openalex.org/W2284690928","https://openalex.org/W2468080012","https://openalex.org/W2965144419","https://openalex.org/W2990278710","https://openalex.org/W3005147209","https://openalex.org/W3014933227","https://openalex.org/W3037296081","https://openalex.org/W3101460145","https://openalex.org/W3122109907网址","https://openalex.org/W3137596000","https://openalex.org/W3163132554","https://openalex.org/W4229717394","https://openalex.org/W4240775947","https://openalex.org/W4251493246“]，”related_works“：[”https://openalex.org/W4249990212","https://openalex.org/W4237270226","https://openalex.org/W3141365533","https://openalex.org/W2467914100","https://openalex.org/W2161193752","https://openalex.org/W2151275061","https://openalex.org/W2135265328","https://openalex.org/W2129345992","https://openalex.org/W2113556560","https://openalex.org/W1726238843“]，”abstract_inverted_index“：{”abstract“：[0]，”In“：[1]，”this“：[2]，”paper“：[3]，”we“：[4,37]，”describe“：[5]，”our“：[6,71,82126133140150]，”experience“：%7]，”incorporating“：[8]，”渐变“：[9,67,77123137]，”types“：[10138]，”In“：[11,32,48103149]，”a“：[12,33,49,56,99]，”静态“：[13,50100]，“类型”：[14,25,35,51101]，“功能”：[15]，“语言“：[16102]，”with“：[17]，”Hindley Milner“：[18]，”style“：[19]，”type“：[20127]，”推理。“：[21]，”Where“：[22]，”most“：[23]，”graduly“：[24]，”systems“：[26]，”aim“：[27]，”to“：[28,81,98105139]，”improve“：[29]，”static“：[30112]，”checking“：[31,47]，”dynamical“：[34]，”language“：[36141]，”approach“：[38,54]，”it“：[39]，”from“：[40]，”the“：[41,91107122143]，”observe“：[42]，“透视”：[43]，“和”：[44,63,73,86113116142]，“推广”：[45]，“动态“：[46,96114]，”语言。“：[52]，“我们的”：[53]，“提供”：[55]，“瞥见”：[57]，“进入”：[58]，“如何”：[59,76]，“语言”：[60]，“喜欢”：[61]，“SML”：[62]，“OCaml”：[64]，“可能”：[65]，“句柄”：[66]，“键入”。“：[68]，“We”：[69,89]，“discussion”：[70]，“implementation”：[72]，“challenges”：[74]，“faced\u2014specific”：[75]，“typeing”：[78,97115]，“rules”：[79]，“apply”：[80]，“representation”：[83]，“of”：[84110125146]，“composite”：[85]，“recursive”：[87]，“类型。“：[88]，”综述“：[90]，”各种“：[92]，”实现“：[93]，”那“：[94]，”添加“：[95]，”顺序“：[104]，”突出显示“：[106]，”不同“：[108]，”方式“：[109]，”混合“：[111]，”检查“：[117]，”可能“：[118]，”灵感“：[119]，”while“：[120]，”维持“：[121]，”自然“系统。“：[128]，”This“：[129]，”paper“：[130]，”also“：[131]，”discusses“：[132]，”motivation“：[134]，”for“：[135]，”adding“：[136]，”practical“：%144]，”benefits“：[145]，”doing“：%147]，”so“:[148]，”industrial“：[151]，”setting。“：[152]}，”cited_by_api_url“：”https://api.openalex.org/works？filter=引用：W3121475729“，”counts_by_year“：[]，”updated_date“：”2024-09-18T14:16:44.189737“，”created_date:“2021-02-01”}“